CBM 8-Bit Magazine Index: Compute's Gazette Special Section

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64/128 VIEW

Mad Man Software is a new company with

a new adventure game for the 64. Its average

playing time is between 200 and 400 hours.

Tom Netsel

he rat looked as big as

a Volkswagen, and it

was charging straight at

our hero. Outrunning
such a creature was impos-
sible. His only chance was
to stand and fight, a pitifully
small sword his only weap-
on. He drew it and took a
swing at the rampaging ro-
dent. Would the rat engulf
him, or would his puny blow
strike home?

As we held our breaths
awaiting the outcome, it
took a minute before we re-
alized that nothing had hap-
pened. The rat was still
there, our hero was still
there, but the screen had fro-
zen, Our first encounter with
the game's first monster,
and the program locked up.
This was one of those embar-
rassing moments that can oc-
cur when a software repre-
sentative demonstrates his
company's latest product.

Reboot. Try again. Same
thing. Groan! | was feeling
sorry for Gene Barker. He's
a recent graduate from the
Colorado School of Mines
who'd flown to North Caroli-
na from Colorado to show
the Gazette staff Messiah III:
Nemisis, an adventure
game for the 64 that he's
been developing for almost
six years. Now, when the
game's lead character aims
his first blow at the very first
monster, years of program-
ming grind to a halt.

Wait a minute! This 128
has a defective SID chip,
and the program relies on
one of the computer's voic-
es to generate random num-
bers to help decide a bat-
tle’s outcome. The pro-
gram's in a loop, waiting for
a random number to ap-
pear, and that chip is as si-
lent as Harpo Marx! We

could be here until Godzilla
comes home. Let's go
down the hall and try anoth-
er machine.

As | said, when someone
comes all this way to demon-
strate a major new release
for the 64, you want things
to go well. After all, there's
not exactly a flood of new ti-
tles sweeping that market
these days. In fact, it would
take a madman to start a
new company aimed at de-
veloping software for that vet-
eran market. And that's just
what Barker and ten associ-
ates have done. Their com-
pany is called Mad Man Soft-
ware (7610 West 5th Ave-
nue, Suite 200, Lakewood,
Colorado). For the past
year, they've been polishing
Barker's game, and
Messiah III should be ready
by this fall or Christmas.

Messiah Ill is no light-
weight arcade adventure,
as we saw when we ran it
on another machine. We
were treated to a richly de-

tailed adventure game
that's the first of a six-game
saga. Messiah Ill, which

should sell for around $60,
consists of more than one
megabyte of code. That's
six disk sides. Disk access
times have been reduced,
however, so that the longest
load should take no more
than 12 seconds.

While we await the final
version for review, Barker esti-
mates the average playing
time will take between 200
and 400 hours. When many
new games are measured
in megabytes, Barker
doesn't feel the 64's memo-
ry constraints have placed
limits on his creativity. “It’s
the game's design which dic-
tates its power,” he says,
“not the machine.” a]

GAZETTE

64/128 VIEW G-1

Anybody who'd start a new company based on a new
adventure game for the 64 must be a madman, but
that's just what Gene Barker and friends have done.
By Tom Netsel.

FEEDBACK

Questions and comments from our readers.

THE SMALLER, THE BETTER

For large storage capacity in a small package,
check out the 1581. It's the great big drive

in the little beige box.

By George Gunn.

REVIEWS
Chip's Challenge, Perfect Print, Predator 2.

BEGINNER BASIC G-18

Joystick ports usually handle input devices, but
here's a way to reverse the data flow.
By Larry Cotton.

MACHINE LANGUAGE

The stack works so well by itself that many
programmers simply ignore it.
By Jim Butterfield.

GEOS

Check out deskTop alternatives.
By Steve Vander Ark.

D’IVERSIONS G-24

Can multimedia be a springboard to immortality?
By Fred D'Ignazio.

G-2

G-4

G-12

G-20

G-22

PROGRAMS

Pop-Up G-25
Mimic 128 G-28
SpeedPurge G-29
Alphabetizer G-30
Duplicate 1541 G-31
Railroad Solitaire G-32
128 Graphic Dump G-34
Quiz Wiz G-35
MLX G-38

JULY 1992 COMPUTE

GA

answers about time,

word processors,

modems, programming
languages, and MIDI

G-2

COMPUTE JULY 1992

FEEDBACK

INPUT Time

Is there a way to change the
value of TIS by using an IN-
PUT statement from within a
BASIC program?

KARL ROSEMANN

DENVER, CO

Try the following line in your
program. It should do the
trick nicely.

10 INPUT “NEW TIME”; TI$

When the program runs and
you see the INPUT prompt, en-
ter your response with six dig-
its in an HHMMSS format. HH
equals hours, MM equals min-
utes, and SS equals seconds.
For example, 123456 will set
TI$ to read 12:34:56. If you en-
ter more or fewer digits, you'll
get an ILLEGAL QUANTITY
message. If the number is
greater than 23:59:59, the
clock resets to 00:00:00.

Bug-Swatter
The ending address of File
Lord (May 1992) is incorrect.
The correct address is 14C0.
This affects MLX only and not
the File Lord program. We pre-
pared the listing after the doc-
umentation, and it was then
that we noticed how long the
program was. To make it eas-
ier to type in, we compressed
the program with Mega-
Squeeze but neglected to
change the ending address.
The compression program
may have affected the way
the program starts. If you
type RUN and get a READY
message, simply type RUN
again, and File Lord should
start. The program on Ga-
zette Disk wasn't affected.

80-Column Word Processor
Is there a word processor for
the 64 that has a true 80-col-
umn screen? | am looking for
one that's like the 128 or IBM,
not a 40-column screen such
as GEOS, which scrolls to re-
veal 80 columns. | am not look-

ing for one that simply has a
preview screen either. Is
there one that exists with this
feature?

JON PERSINGER
INDIANAPOLIS, IN

You might try Script 64, pub-
lished by Richvale Telecommu-
nications of Canada. To the
best of my knowledge, howev-
er, that company is no longer
in business. You might locate
a used copy of the program
for about $9 at Bare Bones
Software, 940 4th Avenue,
Suite 222, Huntington, West
Virginia 25701, (800) 638-
1123. Call or write for a free
catalogue of used 64 and
128 software. They also carry
Amiga products. Supplies are
limited, so check with the com-
pany before ordering.

Modem Woes

| have a 64 with an Aprotek
12C modem used as a Volks
6480. | would like to play mo-
dem games with a friend, but
| need the originate and an-
swer codes that will corre-
spond with my friend's Com-
modore 1670 modem. | can't
find this information in the man-
ual. Can you supply me with
these codes?

MARTIN BOUTIN
LONGUEUIL, PQ.
CANADA

Your modem, which can be
used as a Volks 6480, is no
longer in production, but you
should have no problem us-
ing it to connect with your
friend. It requires no special
originate or answer codes or
settings. It's Hayes compati-
ble in that it supports automat-
ic answering (ATA) and auto-
matic dialing (ATDT) com-
mands, just as your friend's
1670 does. You should be
able to contact each other
just as easily as you can con-
nect with a local BBS.

Check the terminal or
game software you're using

for requirements specific to
that program. It may require
manual dialing or answering.
Also check the echo or du-
plex modes to make sure you
both can see what each of
you is typing. If you still think
the modem is at fault, call
Aprotek’s service department
at (503) 582-2118 from 8:00
a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Pacific time
on weekdays.

Pascal Wanted

| am currently taking a
course in Pascal at high
school, using Turbo Pascal
on a Macintosh. | have a 64
at home, and | would like to
use Pascal with it. Is there
such a compiler and where
can | obtain it?

MIKE SMITH
CRYSTAL, MN

Contact Abacus, 5370 52nd
Street SE, Grand Rapids, Mich-
igan; (800) 451-4319, and
ask about Super Pascal 64
($19.95). It implements the
full Jensen & Wirth compiler
plus extensions for graphics.
It has a complete source file
editor, a full assembler, and a
utility package.

MIDI Info
| am interested in music and
would like to get into MIDI. Is
there a MIDI system available
for the 64?

EDNA WILLIAMS
BRIDGEPORT, CT

Contact Dr. T’s Music Soft-
ware, 100 Crescent Road,
Needham, Massachusetts
02194; (617) 455-1454, and
ask for its free catalog of
MIDI hardware and software.
Dr. T offers a 64 MIDI starter
pack that includes its Key-
board Controlled Sequencer,
a MIDI interface, and two
MIDI cables for $180. A ver-
sion for the 128 retails for
$275. You'll have to supply
your own MIDI keyboard or
other MIDI instrument. o

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FOR GREATER STORAGE CAPACITY IN A
SMALLER PACKAGE, THE 1581 IS
THE BIG DRIVE IN THE LITTLE BEIGE BOX.

BY GEORGE GUNN

he 1581 drive is a great piece of

hardware for anyone who owns

a 64 or 128, and it's also compat-

ible with Plus/4, Commodore 16,
and VIC 20. The 1581 is smaller than ei-
ther the 1541 or 1571, yet it stores
much more data on its disks. The
1581's 3¥%-inch disk holds nearly a
megabyte of information (808,960
bytes). After formatting, 3,160 blocks
are available to the user, with 40
blocks reserved for the disk's main di-
rectory. On a 1541, this would be equiv-
alent to 4% floppies, each with 664
available blocks!

Having all this space makes it pos-
sible to store a huge number of files on
one disk, but the directory scrolls off
the screen if you have more than 22
files. This can make file management
particularly difficult.

For this reason, the 1581 has a fea-
ture known as partitions. A partition is
a space on a disk which the user sets
aside for special use. For all intents
and purposes, each partition is seen
by the computer as a separate disk.
Within the limits of certain parameters,
you can create numerous partitions on
each disk, with each partition contain-
ing whatever files you wish. Each par-
tition can also have its own directory.
You can even store files with the same
filename on the same disk, because
the computer thinks each partition is a
separate disk drive.

Logical Disk Organization

When creating partitions, it's helpful to
remember the 1581's logical disk organ-
ization. Although each 1581 disk is
double-sided, the computer sees it as
single-sided, with 80 tracks per disk
(numbered 1-80) and 40 sectors (or
blocks) per track (numbered 0-39).

It might be helpful to think of a for-
matted disk as consisting of a series of
concentric circles. Each circle is a
track, and each track is divided into sev-
eral sectors.

Each partition must consist of one or
more complete tracks; thus, a partition
must be a multiple of 40 sectors in
length and must begin on sector 0 of a
given track. Remember that track 40 is
reserved for the disk's main directory,
so tracks 1-39 are available for partition-
ing, as are tracks 41-80. A partition
may not include or pass over track 40.

Creating Partitions

The commands for creating partitions
described in the 1581 user's guide are
unwieldy and difficult to understand. Of
greater help is the Partition Aid pro-
gram on the demo disk that’s supplied
with the drive. Through a series of
screens and prompts, this program
asks for the partition name, beginning

G-6 COMPUTE JULY 1992

track and sector, and total number of
blocks you want in the partition. Sup-
pose you want to create a partition
called Arcade Games and set aside
600 blocks for it. After loading and run-
ning Partition Aid on the demo disk,
you'd be presented with a screen that
lists the following options.

1. SHOW PARTITIONS
2. CREATE PARTITIONS
3. DIRECTORY

4, CHANGE UNIT

5. QUIT

Since we don't have any partitions at
this time, you'd skip the first choice.
Choosing option 2 would take you to
the next screen called Create a Parti-
tion. Here you'd see the following in-
structions on your screen.

MODIFYING SPEEDSCRIPT

Most people set their 1541 or 1571 as
drive 8 and designate the 1581 as drive
9. If you use SpeedScript, which normal-
ly uses drive 8, there was formerly no
easy way to save your files to drive 9 and
use the 1581 as the data storage device.
Now there’s a way to alter the pro-
gram to access drive 9 instead. This will
let you load SpeedScript from a 1541 or
1571 and save data to the 1581. Of
course, since SpeedScript is fairly
small, you can save this modified version
to the 1581 and direct all of its disk com-
mands to drive 9. To accomplish this,
load a copy of SpeedScript into memory,
but don't run it. Then enter the following
two lines below in immediate mode.

POKE 4843,9: POKE 4908,9: POKE 5274,9:
POKE 5873,9: POKE 5967,9

POKE 6367,9: POKE 6883,9: POKE 7003,9:
POKE 7073,9

Then save the modified program to.
disk using a unique filename, such as
SPEEDSCRIPT9. All disk commands will
now access device number 9. You won't
be able to switch at will between drive 8
and drive 9 from within SpeedScript, but
you can choose to work from whichever
version of SpeedScript you wish. If you
try to alter such a program, however, be
sure you don't alter your only copy of it.
Make a backup copy first.

Of course, you must set the switches
on the back of your 1581 to the proper
combination. If both of your drives are
set to the same device number, your sys-
tem will lock up.

To set the drive number, turn off your
4581's power and look at the drive from
the rear. To set it for drive 8, push both
switches to the up position. To set it for
drive 9, pull the left switch down and
push the right switch up. To set the 1581
to drive 10, set the left switch up and the
right one down. Pull both switches to the
down position to set it for drive 11.

TO CREATE A SUBDIRECTORY YOUR
PARTITION MUST

(1) START ON SECTOR 0

(2) BE AT LEAST 120 BLOCKS

(3) BE A MULTIPLE OF 40 BLOCKS

At the prompt Enter a partition name,
you would enter Arcade games.

Next, you're prompted for the begin-
ning track. Since track 40 is reserved
for the disk’s directory, it may not be
used. The partition may begin on any
other track on the disk. This prompt ap-
pears onscreen as follows.

FIRST TRACK (1-39 or 41-80)
2

We'll begin this partition on the first
track of the disk, so we should enter
the number 1. Next, you're prompted
for the first sector.

FIRST SECTOR (0-39)
2

For practically all purposes this would
be 0, so enter O at the prompt.

Finally, you're prompted for the num-
ber of blocks you want in the partition.
This must be a minimum of 120 and a
multiple of 40.

NUMBER OF BLOCKS IN PARTITION
?

We're making a partition of 600 blocks
(which, by the way, covers 15 tracks
since 600/40=15), so at this prompt we
enter the number 600.

After this last prompt, all the neces-
sary information has been gathered,
and we're taken to a third screen, bear-
ing the title Create a Partition. At the
top of the screen we see the following
message.

CREATING PARTITION: ARCADE
GAMES STATUS: 0 OK 0 0

Next, we're asked if we want to make
a subdirectory for this partition. For
most uses, you'll need a subdirectory,
so at the prompt type Yes.

This brings up another prompt ask-
ing for a directory name. Here you
should type the Partition Name Arcade
games.

Finally we are prompted for the famil-
iar two-character alphanumeric ID,
well known to users of CBM BASIC.
Let's number this partition 01.

From this prompt, the drive checks
its status and tells us to press a key to
continue.

We're then returned to the opening
screen, where we may exit by pressing
number 5. At this point we have
placed a partition of 600 blocks on

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tracks 1 through 15 of the disk. The
first track of this partition will be re-
served for the partition’s own directory.
On the disk’s main (root) directory, the
partition will show up as the following.

600 “ARCADE GAMES” CBM
Partition from BASIC

The series of prompts in this program
makes the process very easy. Of
course, you can create partitions from
BASIC if you can decipher the follow-
ing code given in the user’s manual.

PRINT#file#, ‘/O:partition name,” +
CHRS(starting track)+ CHR$(starting sector)+
CHRS(< # of sectors)+ CHR$(> # of sectors)+
“ Q”

Especially confusing are the expres-
sions < # of sectors and > # of sectors.
Evidently a misprint in the book has
placed these two expressions in re-
verse order. After much experimenta-
tion, I’ve found that they essentially re-
fer to the range of sectors contained in
the partition. The expression < # of sec-
tors should refer to the high number of
this range (600 in our example above),
and > # of sectors should refer to the
bottom of this range (0 in our exam-
ple). However, since a CHR$ value
may fall only within the range of 0-254,
any partitions of more than 254 sectors
have to use an adjusted value.

The > and < signs actually refer to
the high byte and low byte for a given
expression. There's a way to calculate
values for partitions greater than 254
sectors. If N equals the number of sec-
tors for a partition, the high byte would
be represented by INT(N/256). The low
byte would be represented by N-(low
byte)*256. Thus, for our partition of
600, the high byte is INT(600/256) = 2.
The low byte is 600-2*256 = 88. So, to
create our partition of 600 blocks, we'd
issue the following commands.

OPEN 15,8,15
PRINT#15, “/0:ARCADE GAMES,”+ CHR$(1)+
CHRS$(0)+ CHR$(88)+ CHRS$(2)+ ‘,C”

CHR$(1) refers to the starting track of
1. CHR$(0) refers to the partition's be-
ginning sector in track 1. CHR$(88) re-
fers to the 600 block partition’s low
byte. CHR$(2) refers to the 600 block
partition’s high byte.

Another Format

At this point the required blocks have
been set aside as a partition, but the
partition can't be used yet. It has to be
formatted before you can store files in
it even though the disk itself has al-
ready been formatted. This creates a
partition directory (or subdirectory) on

G-8 COMPUTE JULY 1992

the first track of the partition. So, with
the disk still in the drive, the new parti-
tion is selected by the following line.

PRINT#15, ‘‘/0:ARCADE GAMES”

Then the NEW or HEADER commands
are used to format this partition area. En-
ter the following line.

PRINT#15,‘‘NO:ARCADE GAMES,01”:
CLOSE15

CARTRIDGES

In addition to holding more information,
the 1581 loads programs significantly fast-
er than the 1541 or 1571. Because of a
slightly different DOS than that used ina
1541, the 1581 isn’t compatible with
some fast load cartridges. | use the
Epyx Fast Load Cartridge with my 1541,
but it has to be disabled before | use the
1581. There are a couple of fast load pro-
grams for the 1581, and these work
quite well.

Recently, | bought a Super Snap-
shot cartridge, after reading that it was
compatible with the 1581 drive. After us-
ing it for a while, I'm very impressed
with the performance of this cartridge.
Most of its features work quite well with
the 1581. The only shortcoming I've
found is that its file utility isn’t able to
scratch a file from within a partition.

The partition is now ready to be
used. We've done in BASIC what the
Partition Aid program did for us
through a series of easy-to-understand
prompts. Files in the partition may now
be written to, read from, scratched, re-
named, and so on.

If you're interested in constructing
your partitions from BASIC rather than
using Partition Aid, the following table
may prove useful. Consult it for a list of
the high byte and low byte values of
the given numbers of sectors.

No. of High Low
Sectors Byte Byte
120 120 io}
160 160 0
200 200 0
240 240 0
280 24 1
320 64 1
360 104 1
400 144 1
440 184 1
480 224 1
520 8 2
560 48 2
600 88 2
640 128 P34
680 168 2
720 208 2
760 248 2

Partition Management

Now that you have partitions on your
disk, how do you make practical use of
them? One of the more useful purpos-
es for partitions is grouping similar
files. For example, on my SpeedScript
word processing disk, I've set up one
Partition for the word processor itself. |
have SpeedScript's accompanying pro-
grams and utilities (mail merge, 80-
column preview, right margin justified,
columns, and so on) in a partition locat-
ed at tracks 1-8 (320 blocks). In ad-
dition, | have made three other parti-
tions out of tracks 9-39 for holding
document files. | call. these DOCU-
MENTS1 (tracks 9-19), DOCUMENTS2
(tracks 20-29), and DOCUMENTS3
(tracks 30-39)

In each partition, the first track is re-
served for a directory of that partition;
the rest of the tracks are available for
files. This partition directory doesn't
show up when the disk’'s main (or root)
directory is listed. After the partition
has been selected, the computer
treats that partition as if it were a disk
in itself, and its own directory may be
listed. On the disk's main directory, par-
tition names are listed like other files,
but the three-letter code (PRG, USR,
SEQ) for a partition is CBM. Thus, on
the word processor disk | described
above, the disk’s main directory looks
like the following.

320 “SPEEDSCRIPT” CBM
400 “DOCUMENTS1” CBM
360 “DOCUMENTS2” CBM
360 “DOCUMENTS3” CBM
5 “CHANGE UNIT” PRG

51 "1581 FAST LOADER” PRG
1 “1581 PATH” PRG
1255 \CORY.SIi PRG
1651 BLOCKS FREE

The first four items are my partitions,
the next four items are utilities | com-
monly use with the 1581 drive that are
stored on the unpartitioned part of the
disk, and the last item lists the blocks
still available.

Partition Selection

Once the disk is inserted in the drive,
a partition can be selected from BA-
SIC. The syntax for selecting a partition
follows.

OPEN 15,8,15,‘‘/O:partition name”

Of course, if you're using the 1581 as
device 9, you should substitute the num-
ber 9 for the 8 in this statement. Once
the partition has been selected, you sim-
ply work with it as if it were a separate
disk of its own, loading, saving, verify-
ing, validating, and so on. All of these
commands affect only the selected par-

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tition, not the rest of the disk.

With the 64, all of the familiar BASIC
2 commands, NEW, COPY, RENAME,
SCRATCH, INITIALIZE, and VALI-
DATE, which work with the 1541 drive,
work with the 1581. If you have a 128,
use the BASIC 7.0 commands as with
the 1571. A partition’s directory may al-
so be listed from within the partition
with the standard LOAD “$”,8: LIST.

Rather than using BASIC, | prefer us-
ing 1581 Path, a short machine lan-
guage program that appeared in the
June 1990 Gazette. This one-block pro-
gram offers a simplified syntax for se-
lecting partitions, loading programs,
and moving between partitions.

From within your word processor, it's
usually quite easy to move from parti-
tion to partition. Most word processors
have a command for accessing the
disk drive. In SpeedScript, the
keypress sequence is Ctrl-A. After press-
ing these keys you simply type /parti-
tion name and hit Return. If you need
to go to the disk's main directory, en-
ter Ctrl-A, simply type /, and press Re-
turn. This should result in the message
02, partition selected.

Using Different Device Numbers

A potential software problem involves
programs that routinely access drive 8.
If you're using the 1581 as drive 9,

you'll encounter problems. If you're fa-
miliar with machine language monitors
or disk sector editors, you may be able
to modify such programs to work from
drive 9. Most programs use the follow-
ing six-byte combination to open a
disk file.

AQ 02 A2 08 AO 02

These bytes are the same as the BA-
SIC command OPEN 2,8,2. To access
other drives in BASIC, substitute the
new drive number instead of using 8.
The most recently accessed drive num-
ber is stored in memory location 186.
In machine language, therefore,
you'd change the A2 08 to A2 BA so
the program would load its files from
the drive from which you booted it.

Utilities for the 1581
In addition to 1581 Path, which I've al-
ready mentioned, the utilities that
come on the demo disk supplied with
the 1581 are very good. Also, | have
found several Gazette programs worth-
while additions to my 1581 library.
Check out 1581 FastLoader (Janu-
ary 1990). This program provides high-
speed data transfers that are up to
nine times faster than the standard Ker-
nal load routine. It works with both the
64 and 128 and allows you to relocate

the program to nearly any memory lo-
cation and to create autoboot files.

Copy 81 (November 1989) allows
you to copy any BASIC or machine lan-
guage file from the root or a partition of
one disk to the root or a partition of an-
other disk. It also lets you copy files
from the root or partition of one disk to
another partition on the same disk.

Another helpful program is 1581 Di-
rectory Sorter (July 1989). It sorts your
directory entries in both alphabetical
and reverse alphabetical order. It also
allows you to arrange files manually in
any order you want. This utility has the
ability to detect whether it's running on
a 64 or 128 and whether the 128 is in
40- or 80-column mode. In 128 mode,
the program uses fast mode whenever
possible. Unfortunately, this program
works only on the disk’s main directo-
ry, not on a partition’s directory.

Allin all, | highly recommend the
1581 drive to all 64 and 128 users. Its
speed and storage capacity are im-
mense improvements over the 1541
drive and, to a lesser extent, over the
1571 drive. Rigid-shelled 3%-inch
disks are easier to handle and store
than vulnerable 5¥%-inch floppies. O

George Gunn is a Commodore owner
who lives in Redding, California.

THATS WHY YHey ;
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G-10 COMPUTE JULY 1992

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REVIEWS

CHIP’S
CHALLENGE

If you love puzzles, then
Chip’s Challenge from Epyx
is for you, As the game be-
gins, Chip MacCallahan, a re-
al nerd, finds out he may be
able to join his beloved Me-
inda’s computer club, the
Bit Busters. However,
there's a catch to this offer.
He must first complete 144
levels of a maze-like puzzle
before he can attain the high-
est membership privilege of
this very exclusive club.
That privilege is to be near
Melinda, of course!) Your
job is to help Chip complete
these levels so he can be
close to the love of his life.

The first few levels of
Chip’s Challenge are easy.
But don’t be fooled; the
game gets more challeng-
ing as you progress to the
higher levels. Each level is
slightly more difficult than
the previous one, but you
have more than one chance
to pass a level. For exam-
ple, if you get killed by a
monster, then you get to try
that level again.

Some levels provide hints
on what to do; others don’t.
From time to time you'll en-
counter levels that seem im-
possible to pass. Don’t lose
sleep over this, though. Af-
ter several tries, the game
gives you the option of con-
tinuing at this level or going
to the next. It's best to avoid
both of these options, howev-
er. Since scores are based
on what level you reach and
how quickly you pass to the
next level of play, restarting
or not completing a level on-
ly lowers your score.

If you exit the game for
any reason, you don’t have
to start at the first level. Just
remember the code for the
level you reached, and you
can start again at that point.

G-12 COMPUTE JULY 1992

Each level has different
types of puzzles to solve.
No matter what obstacles
you encounter, you must
pass through a blinking exit
to go to the next level. You
may have to find your way
through a maze in a certain
amount of time. At another
level, you may have to col-

picked up along the way.
There are many items to
aid you at each level.

Shields are important in that
they allow you to walk
through fire or even on wa-
ter. Cleats prevent you from
slipping on ice. Another
very useful item is a mag-
lf you manage to get

net.

You'll find plenty to keep you busy as you try to complete 144

levels of maze-like puzzles in Chip’s Challenge.

lect a required number of
microchips or other items
while avoiding creatures
that chase you. Some chips
and items may be hidden or
placed where they aren't
easy to find. You'll have to
solve a problem or two to
get to these items. For exam-
ple, walls can appear that
were once invisible, or you
may have to find a way to
cross a castle moat.
Sometimes the order of
how you try to accomplish a
task is vital. At some of the
more difficult levels, more
than one type of puzzle
must be solved at the same
time. An information window
always displays your level,
the amount of time you
have remaining to complete
that level, the number of
chips still to be collected,
and the tools or keys you've

one of these, then you have
control on force floors. If you
can’t get through a colored
door, you may need a key
of the same color. Colored
buttons can also unlock
doors for you and some-
times either control the move-
ments of creatures you may
encounter or deactivate
bombs. Sometimes these
creatures are guarding
these keys or items you
need. Blocks of dirt help
you get across water. Numer-
ous teleports jump you to oth-
er areas of the puzzle within
that same level.

Chip’s Challenge is very
easy to learn and play. You
use your joystick to control
Chip's movements. The man-
ual tells you what types of ob-
stacles you'll face, but the ex-
perience you gain along the
way is important, too. As

you progress to higher lev-
els, you'll know more of
what's expected of you and
have a better idea of how to
solve a particular puzzle.
Thus, what you learn from
early levels can help later in
the game. For example, you
may realize that certain crea-
tures move in similar pat-
terns or shoving a particular
block on the water will help
you build a bridge to cross
a moat.

The documentation is
brief but effective in getting
you on your way to solving
the 144 levels of puzzles. Af-
ter a quick reading, you'll
know what to expect and
pick up some useful hints. It
also provides a list of items
and obstacles that you'll en-
counter while playing the
game.

The graphics and sound
for Chip's Challenge were av-
erage for the 64. Sometimes
| found it was hard to tel
what an onscreen item was
supposed to be. If you have
the manual nearby, most o
the items in question can be
matched to appropriate
items from the list. The
game's music gets boring af-
ter the first ten levels, so
did turn down the volume.

Overall, | rate Chip’s Chal-

lenge highly. This delightfu
and interesting one-player
game is a lot of fun to play.
t'll keep you amused for
hours and test your problem-
solving skills as well.
Chip really wants to join
the Bit Busters to be with Me-
inda, but he needs your
help. Are you up for a real
challenge? Chip is anxious-
ly waiting for you at level 1!
CHRIS SAUCIER

Commodore 64 or 128—$34.95

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(415) 368-3200

Circle Reader Service Number 341

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SPECIAL OFFER!

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REVIEWS

PERFECT PRINT

| love GEOS. | use it all the
time, but there's practically
no way around the weak
link in its system. GEOS dot-
matrix printouts look like
they've been, well, printed
on a dot-matrix printer. Pro-
fessional Page on Amiga or
geoWrite on the IBM use
beautiful scalable fonts that
make dot-matrix printouts ri-
val laser printouts for quali-
ty. With GEOS, unless you
have a laser printer, you're
stuck with blocky, jaggy, am-
ateurish-looking fonts.

That's all changed now,
because Creative Micro De-
signs, a company that
seems determined single-
handedly to carry the Com-
modore computers through
the 1990s, has released Per-
fect Print, a new print pack-
age for geoWrite. Its print-
outs, using the GEOS LQ
application, are incredible!

Let's get a few details
straight. For one thing, Per-
fect Print works only with
geoWrite. It won't work with
geoPublish, no matter how
hard we might wish. GEOS
LQ, which produces the in-
credible geoWrite printouts,
is only one part of the Per-
fect Print package.

Also included are a set of
HQ (for High Quality) printer
drivers and fonts designed
to work especially well with
each other. These drivers
are standard GEOS printer
drivers that work with any ap-
plication, enhancing the print-
outs by using advanced in-
terpolation techniques. They
offer better results than the
drivers that come with the
GEOS system, even better
than double-strike drivers.
They aren't the stars of the
Perfect Print show, though.
You can find printer drivers
on QuantumLink that will
outperform the ones in the
Perfect Print package.

G-14 COMPUTE JULY 1992

The star of the Perfect
Print package is GEOS LQ.
Nothing anywhere can beat
it. You won't believe it the
first time one of these print-
outs comes slowly (and | do
mean slowly) out of your low-
ly 9-pin workhorse.

I'm not talking about
some pattern that’s been

der the printhead.

To be fair, there are a few
niggling inconveniences.
Speed is the primary trade-
off, as | mentioned above. A
full page from geoWrite can
take ten or fifteen minutes to
print. Also, larger point sizes
don't have the exquisite qual-
ity of the smaller ones. As a

and even print a graphic:

and even print a graphic:

This text io formatted in California 10-polnt. I'm going to print it out using an Epson 24-pin printer and
the L@-1500 printer driver, [switch to 14 point, bold face, dzé-sand OUttiN® modes

This text is formatted in CaliforniaLQ 10-point. I'm going to print it out using an i
Epson 24-pin printer and Perfect Print’s "GEOS LQ* system. I'll switch to 14 point,
bold face, /a/cs,and outllae modes, use a Lancy-styled font,

Here are examples of the way GEOS prints text and graphics
(above). Beneath them are similar examples from Perfect Print.

overprinted so many times
that all the jaggies have
been mushed into the
weave of the paper and
struck so repeatedly that a
small font looks like a
smudge. No, this is print
with absolutely perfect de-
tails, with precise curves
and angles—even on a six-
point font in italics. I'm talk-
ing printouts to die for!

Oh, come on, you say;
there must be a catch. The
manual is probably sketchy
and obscure. The setup pro-
cedure probably requires a
degree in advanced sys-
tems analysis to implement.
The thing probably over-
heats the printer. But, no,
the manual is clear and con-
cise. It contains more infor-
mation than most users will
ever need. The setup proce-
dure is straightforward, and
your printer won't get hot un-

matter of fact, the larger siz-
es are basically printed us-
ing the same kind of interpo-
lation routine used in the HQ
drivers, which is good but
not perfect. And while you
can use most of the features
of geoWrite, you can’t use
the page, date, or time func-
tions in the header or footer
to let the system print those
for you automatically.

The only fonts that will
print out in such high quali-
ty are the specially designat-
ed LQ fonts. Of course,
there are more than 40
such fonts available with
plenty of great designs to
choose from. If you're so in-
clined, you can always con-
vert or create more using
the font-creation utilities in-
cluded on the disk. On top
of this, CMD has been active-
ly soliciting some of the lead-
ing font designers to con-

vert their fonts to LQ format.

GEOS LQ is one of the
more user-friendly programs
around. You can start it
from within geoWrite, using
an included desk accesso-
ry. The control panel screen
includes features you've
probably never considered.
The system fully supports
both 9- and 24-pin printers,
and everything is well ex-
plained in the documenta-
tion. You need know virtual-
ly nothing about control
codes or your printer's inner
workings to use GEOS LQ.

If you have any technical
expertise, though, you'll find
it possible to affect the
GEOS LQ system at a basic
level by changing the config-
ure files. These files are ac-
tually geoWrite documents,
containing the various infor-
mation your system needs
to properly use GEOS LQ.
Since they're standard geoW-
tite documents, they can be
examined and altered quite
easily. Some variations are al-
ready included on the disk,
such as a file to set page
length to label height and
another to tell GEOS LQ to
look for the fonts on a differ-
ent drive from the one geoW-
rite is on.

These nifty touches are
just icing on the cake, how-
ever. Unless you use GEOS
for geoPublish or geoPaint
only, you won't want to be
without the Perfect Print pack-
age. Once again, CMD
takes the Commodore and
GEOS to unexpected and in-
credible heights.

STEVE VANDER ARK

Commodore 64 or 128—$34.95 for
all drivers, utilities, and seven fonts;
$29.95 for package with 45 LQ
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Terrapin Software (207) 878-8200
400 Riverside St. Portland, ME 04103

Circle Reader Service Number 148

MANY ITEMS ARE CLOSEOUTS,
AMOUNT OF STOCK IS LIMITED!
Add $1.00 shipping per item ordered*U.S. Funds Only!
SORRY NOC.O.D.’s OR CREDIT CARD ORDER:
FOR A FREE COPY OF OUR CATALOG, CALL:
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Circle Reader Service Number 162

“Gazette Gallery,” where each month we present the
very best in original 64 and 128 artwork.

So don’t waste another moment. Subscribe to-
day to COMPUTE’s Gazette Disk and get 12 issues
for only $49.95. You save almost 60% off the single-
issue price. Clip or photocopy and mail completed
coupon today.

Individual issues of the disk are available for
$9.95 (plus $2.00 shipping and handling) by writing
to COMPUTE, 324 West Wendover Avenue, Suite
200, Greensboro, North Carolina 27408.

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to COMPUTE’s Gazette Disk right away
for only $49.95.*

O Payment enclosed (check or money order)

Yes, save time and money! Subscribe to the Gazette
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Subscribe today, and month after month you'll

get all the latest, most challenging, and fascinating A ee ee
programs published in the corresponding issue of Acct. No. Exp. Date
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New on the Gazette Disk! In addition to the Name cae
programs that appear in the magazine, you'll also atchess
get outstanding bonus programs. These programs, ;
which are often too large to offer as type-ins, are le ZIP]
available only on disk—they appear nowhere else. Province Postal Code

As another Gazette Disk extra, check out

Mail to COMPUTE's Gazette Disk, P.O. Box 3250, Harlan, 1A 51593-2430

“Residents of NC and NY, please add appropriate sales tax for your area. Canadian
orders, add 7% goods and services tax.

Gazette
index

Everything’s included!
Features, games, reviews,
education/home applications,
programming, bugswatter,
feedback, and columns!

A superb interface includes pull-down
menus, help screens, and keyboard,

joystick, or mouse control. Features in-

clude super-fast searching and sorting
capabilities. An options screen allows
you to choose text colors, drive num-
ber, and input device. And there's full
documentation on disk.

Choose from three modes of opera-
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for detailed information and descrip-
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upcoming issues—and print to any
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ORDER YOUR
1991 GAZETTE
INDEX TODAY!

(MasterCard and Visa accepted on
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To order, send $7.95 per disk, the
quantity of disks ordered, check or
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plete street address:

1991 Gazette Index

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Suite 200

Greensboro, NC 27408

*Please add $2 shipping & handling ($5 foreign) for
each disk (residents of NC, NJ, NY please add appli-
cable sales tax; Canadian orders, add 7% goods and
services tax).

All payments must be in U.S. funds. Please allow 4
weeks for delivery.

REVIEWS
PREDATOR 2

So many computer games based on
movies are nothing more than poor
games wrapped in catchy visuals and
logos from the film they represent.
That's why you should be especially
careful when buying games of this
type. You should look beyond the ref-
erences to and scenes from the film
and search for some indication of
what the game's all about.

Predator 2 has a strong basic game
element that was adapted to fit the mov-
ie's plot. This is the way it's supposed
to work. Predator 2 is a four-level shoot-
‘em-up that puts the player in the heat
of battle in 1997 Los Angeles. You
play the part of Danny Glover's char-
acter in the movie, Detective Lieuten-
ant Mike Harrigan. Your ultimate goal is
to beat the Predator creature that is
stalking Los Angeles. You must survive
four levels of action before the climac-
tic battle. Each level is tougher than its
predecessor and gives you less time to
breathe. Although Predator 2 isn't diffi-
cult to play, only the best of the best
will make it through the game. Most of
your efforts will be spent trying to sur-
pass your previous score in an attempt
to make to the end.

Game mechanics are simple. Move
the cross hairs around the sideways-
scrolling screen with a joystick (recom-
mended) or keyboard and press the
fire button or space bar to fire your cur-
rent weapon. Take out all the criminals
who show signs of resistance and do it
quickly. Power items make your stay
on the current level more manageable.
These include better and faster-firing
weapons, body armor, and ammo
clips that appear occasionally on the
screen. Fire at them to collect them. A
wave of criminals at the end of each lev-
el usually depletes your reserve lives
and eliminates your chance for suc-
cess. During this last volley, all of your
shots must be well placed or the ene-
my will overwhelm you.

It'll take a few games before you get
anywhere with Predator 2. More than
any other computer game, good aim
and conservation of ammo are extreme-
ly important. If you hold down the fire
button, your weapon will continue to
fire at its maximum rate. The Mark | As-
sault Shotgun shoots as fast as a ma-
chine gun, and it’s very tempting to
spread your fire. It's important to
shoot the enemy in short bursts rather
than laying down a constant bombard-
ment because you'll need the firepow-
er later in the level. Therein lies the key
to Predator 2. Successful players will

learn to anticipate the enemies’ appear-
ances and eliminate the enemies be-
fore they get a chance to shoot. The
longer you avoid return fire, the longer
your current life lasts, and the better
your chance at finishing the game.

The four levels are varied, with numer-
ous challenges and unique features.
You see the Predator’s outline in all of
the levels as he stalks his prey, but
don't fire at him! If you do, he turns one
of his weapons on you instead of the
criminals. The first level takes place on
the Los Angeles streets, with drug crim-
inals against the police. It's a practice
level compared to what's coming next.

The second level thrusts you into the
penthouse apartment of the drug lord
Ramon Vega. There are more crimi-
nals, and they come from all directions.
The third level takes place in the sub-
way tunnels. Just as in the real world,
the subway's lights affect gameplay, es-
pecially when they shut off and you
can't see the enemy. If you can sur-
vive, you'll soon confront the Predator.
The last level opens the doors of a
slaughterhouse for your infiltration.
This abandoned warehouse is the per-
fect lair for the Predator. An exciting bat-
tle concludes the game—if you can
make it this far.

Graphics are standard for Predator
2. This late in the life cycle of the 64,
developers are more concerned with
providing a good game with good
graphics than they are with providing a
poor game with great graphics. Preda-
tor 2 is the former. You can distinguish
the guns before you collect them, but
to help the less experienced, the
name of each gun appears below it on
the screen. An addictive theme tune
makes Predator 2 a bit more exciting.
Sound effects are fairly common.
From a bells-and-whistles point of
view, Predator 2 doesn’t have much to
offer. What shines through is strong
gameplay.

Predator 2 is the latest product from
the Konami/Image Works partnership
for the 64 and 128. It makes good use
of the machine's sprite and animation
capabilities and packs a lot of fun ina
simple game framework.

The constant challenge and addic-
tion most players will find in Predator 2
is especially attractive to diehard shoot-
‘em-up fans. See if you can take out
one of the more intelligent and deadly
hunters in the universe!

RUSS CECCOLA

Commodore 64 or 128—$14.95

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Circle Reader Service Number 155

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LIMITED OFFER

THE STRATEGY/CAMPAIGN GAMES
of JACK O'ROSES ©1992
for play on Commodore 64/128 and Plus 4
(5 1/4" disc. Specify if for Plus 4)
$19.00 Each or $55.00 for all 3!

THE RECENT UNPLEASANTNESS

Individual control of 43 Confederate Divisions/149
Bridges. Could you have turned back the Federal on-
slaught? Don't re-fight the Civil War, declare your own!

COMSOPAC : The Guadalcanal Campaign
Engage the Imperial Japanese Navy in Ironbottom

Sound. Lead air attacks on the "Tokyo Express’ in "The
Slot”. Be with the 1st Marines and American Division

along the Tenaru.

MALADAN THE INVADER

You alone, Krysiga, have the political and military
savvy to form the Alliance and lead into battle the legions
of the nine fuedal Lords. Slam-bang medieval combat.
Never play the same game twice. Packed with Historical fact.
‘Send check or money order to:

JACK 0' ROSES
P.O. BOX 144, MIDDLETOWN, PA 17057
(717)944-5843

(Commodore is areg. TMo! Commodore Business Machines, Inc. who arenot
responsible for nor tfliated wih the appication o this software.)

Go against the grain.
Cut down on salt.

7
Adding salt to your
-<-7 “| food could subtract
years from your life.

Because in some

people salt contrib-
utes to high blood pressure, a
condition that increases your
risk of heart disease.

2,
GPamerican Heart Association

JULY 1992 COMPUTE G-17

G-18

Joystick ports are
usually input
devices that receive
data. Here's an
easy way to reverse
that flow.

COMPUTE JULY 1992

BEGINNER BASIC

Larry Cotton

JOYSTICK OUTPUT

As we all know, the ubiquitous
joystick has been around al-
most as long as the comput-
er. When plugged into one of
the 64's two joystick ports, it be-
comes an input device, trans-
lating hand movement to input
the computer can use.

Few people know that joy-
stick ports can also be used
for output. Perusing the Pro-
grammer’s Reference Guide,
| noticed two little-mentioned
memory registers—56322 and
56323—known as Data Direc-
tion Registers (DDR) for ports

we Shorter Lead

a 17, bits 0 and 4 will be set
for output. (All the rest will be
at 0, for input.) Thus, one can
independently control each of
a particular joystick port's
lines. It happens that bit 4 of
56323 controls port 1’s fire but-
ton line.

How can we put this knowl-
edge to use? Let's do a little
work with some hardware. Lo-
cate a discarded joystick and
remove its cable. If you don't
have one, Radio Shack sells a
connector (catalogue number
276-1538), but you'll have to
wire it yourself.

Most joysticks use six wires

150-220 Q
Resistor

A and B. These are ports 2
and 1, respectively, as la-
beled on the computer.

These two registers, when
properly programmed, have
the ability to change a joystick
ports’ direction of data flow
from input to output! Address
56322 controls joystick port
2's memory register 56320;
56323 controls port 1's regis-
ter at 56321. They behave sim-
ilarly to the DDR at 56579,
which determines whether the
user port lines at 56577 are
set for input or output.

Each memory register in
the 64 contains one byte, or
eight bits. Those bits (num-
bered 0 through 7) can be con-
trolled independently from BA-
SIC with the Poke command.

If you poke memory register
56323 with a 1, for instance,
bit 0 will contain 1; it will be set
for output. If you poke it with

within the cable: the ground,
the four direction lines (up,
down, right, left), and the fire
button. The fire button wire is
usually orange, and the
ground wire is usually black.

Select these two wires and
join them with an LED and are-
sistor, as shown above. Con-
nect the shorter lead of an
LED to either end of a 150-
220-ohm resistor and the long-
er lead to the orange fire but-
ton wire. Complete the circuit
by attaching the free end of
the resistor to the black
ground wire.

If you don't happen to have
LEDs at home, try Radio
Shack’s super-bright LED, cat-
alogue number 276-087.

Now enter the following.

10 NT=900:FT=300:B=3: REM ON
TIME, OFF TIME, AND NUMBER
OF BLINKS

20 POKES6323,17: REM FIRE
BUTTON OUTPUT, DISABLES
KEYBOARD, TURNS LED OFF

30 FORT=1TOFT:NEXT

40 FORI=1T0B

50 POKES6321,16

60 FORT=1TONT:NEXT

70 POKES6321,0

80 FORT=1TOFT:NEXT

90 NEXT

100 POKES6323,0: REM

RESTORE TO NORMAL

Save the program to disk be-
fore going any further!

Memory register 56323 nor-
mally contains a 0. Because
of the way the 64’s keyboard
is wired, poking values to
that register will interfere with
the keyboard's normal opera-
tion. To try this, poke a 1 to
56323.

Turn your computer off and
on again to restore keyboard
operation. Plug the joystick ca-
ble into port 1. (That's the
port closest to you.) Load and
run the above program. The
LED should blink three times
and possibly will glow softly af-
terwards, The LED turns off
completely when the line is
changed to output.

Line 10 defines the con-
stants NT, FT, and B for LED
on-time, off-time, and number
of blinks. Try changing these
values. Line 20 pokes the
DDR with a 17, which disa-
bles the keyboard and chang-
es the fire button line to out-
put. Poking a 16 works also
but leaves the cursor in a
strange place.

Lines 30, 60, and 80 con-
trol the times the.LED is on or
off. Line 40 begins a FOR-
NEXT loop for the number of
blinks; line 90 ends it. Lines
50 and 70 turn the fire button
wire on (positive DC voltage)
and off (ground potential), re-
spectively. Line 100 restores
port 1 to normal operation.

We'll look at more useful ap-
plications next month and
learn how to control small elec-
trical appliances. a

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that it often remains

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COMPUTE JULY 1992

MACHINE LANGUAGE

Jim Butterfield

SIMPLE STACK
USAGE

The stack is used automatical-
ly by many activities. When
your program calls a subrou-
tine with JSR, the stack stores
the return address. Later, the
subroutine returns with RTS,
and the stack delivers the
stored address. Similar ac-
tions take place with RTI and
interrupts. In every case, the
stack is returned to its former
condition automatically when
the job is done.

The stack takes care of it-
self so well that it often re-
mains a mystery to program-
mers. Since they don't often
use the four stack-manipula-
tion commands, programmers
feel ill at ease with them. Here
are those commands

PHA Push (copy) the con-
tents of A to the stack.

PLA Pull the contents of the
stack into A.

PHP Push (copy) the PSW
(program status word) to the
stack.

PLP Pull the contents of the
stack into the PSW.

Using these commands is sim-
ple. Do you have something in
the A register that you know
you will need soon but not
right now? Push it to the stack
with PHA. You can store it
there for a while then bring it
back later with PLA. Perhaps
you have a condition flag that
you'll want to test later in the
program but not immediately?
Push all the flags with PHP,
and bring them back with PLP
when you want to test them.
There's only one vital rule
that you must follow: If you put
it on the stack, you must take
it off. Leave a messy stack,
and your program will crack.
The last thing that you pushed

onto the stack is the first thing
you must pull. After you push
something to the stack, be
very careful that your code nev-
er branches away, leaving a
bad stack in place.

Let's write a small but use-
ful program that uses the
stack commands. It's a pro-
gram to print the contents of a
sequential file to the screen or
to a printer.

The program will connect to
the input file, take a byte, and
disconnect. It will then con-
nect to the output file, send
that byte, and again discon-
nect. Then it will test to see if
the input has signaled end-of-
file (EOF). If not, back we go
to do it all again.

The EOF condition is signal-
ed in variable ST (status), ad-
dress $90 on current Commo-
dore 8-bit machines. But
here's the catch: It's signaled
immediately following the in-
put operation. If you examine
the logic flow described
above, you'll see that we test
for EOF after we've performed
an output operation. That's the
right program point to do the
test, but by that time, variable
ST will have lost the vital EOF
signal that was present after
the program performed the in-
put operation.

That means we should test
the value of ST immediately af-
ter the input but we shouldn't
branch based upon that test
until a later program point.
How may we preserve the con-
dition flags? We do it with the
PHP and PLP instructions.

A second problem arises.
We read a byte from our input
file by means of a call to the
Kernal subroutine at $FFE4.
The value is placed into reg-
ister A, which is just where
we'll want it for output. Our
next call, however, is to
$FFCC in order to disconnect
from the input stream, and
that will destroy the contents
of the A register. The easiest
solution is to preserve A with

the PHA and PLA instructions.
Gosh, this is easy. Let's go to
the code.

Logical file 1 will have been
opened as our input; logical
file 2 as our output. First, let's
connect to the input stream.

2000 A2 01
logical file 1

2002 20 C6 FF JSR $FFC6 ;
connect input

2005 20 £4 FF JSR $FFE4 ;
input a byte

LDX #$01 ;

Now we test ST, address
90. A value of 0 means that
we aren't at EOF and there
are no other problems. Load-
ing ST into the Y register will
automatically set the Z flag if
the value is 0; otherwise, the
Z flag will be cleared. Either
way, we'll push the flag to the
stack and test it later.

2008 A4 90 LDY $90;
read ST (Z flag)
200A 08 PHP ;

save conditions to stack

The byte we received from
the input stream is still in the
A register. But we're about to
make a couple of calls that
will wipe it out. So let’s put
that on the stack, too. Remem-
ber that since it's the most re-
cent thing we've put on the
stack, it must be the first
thing we pull.

200B 48
save input byte

PHA p

Now that the byte is safely
stacked, we can disconnect
our input.

200C 20 CC FF JSR $FFCC ;
restore default 1/0

Then we connect to our out-
put stream, logical file 2.

200F A2 02
logical file 2

2011 20 C9 FF JSR $FFC9 ;
connect output stream

LDX #$02 ;

SOFTWARE

CLOSEOUTS

For Commodore 64 & 128

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Battle for Normandy, Dragons of Flame or
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Dangerous, Top Gunner, Xenophobe, Crusadein
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SOFTWARE FOR IBM, APPLE, MAC,
AMIGA, ATARI & MORE!

Fun Graphics Machine

FUN GRAPHICS MACHINE (FGM) IS AN “ALL-IN-ONE” GRAPHICS
PROGRAM FOR THE C=64, WHAT CAN BE CREATED WITH FGM IS
ONLY LIMITED BY YOUR IMAGINATION, JUST A FEW EXAMPLES:

BUSINESS CARDS
CUSTOM LABELS

|

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FUN GRAPHICS mA Ni
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Circle Reader Service Number 181

Now that we've connected,
we're ready to output. All we
have to do is pull the data
byte back and send it.

2014 68 PLA
; restore input byte

2015 20 D2 FF JSR $FFD2
; output it

We've used the Kernal sub-
routine at $FFCC before, to
disconnect the input
stream. Now we use it to dis-
connect the output stream.

2018 20 CC FF JSR S$FFCC
; restore default 1/0

Now the program is ready
to test for EOF. Let's bring
back the Z flag that we
stashed quite a while ago.

201B 28 PLP
; restore condition flags
201C FO E2 BEQ $2000

; if not EOF, do it again
201E 60 RTS
; else back to BASIC

The BASIC code pokes the
machine language code in

place, opens the input and
output files, and then calls
the machine language with
a SYS command. When the
ML program returns control,
BASIC closes the two files.
This example of stack us-
age runs on all recent Com-
modore 8-bit computers. To
run this program on the old-
er CBM and PET comput-
ers, change the value 144
to 150 in line 100 and the val-
ue 4388 to 4396 in line 250.

100 DATA 162,1,32,198,255,
32,228,255,164,144,8,
72,32,204,255

110 DATA 162,2,32,201,255,
104,32,210,255,
32,204,255,40,240,
226,96

200 FOR J=8192 TO 8222

210 READ X

220 POKE J,X

230 T=1+X

240 NEXT J

250 IF T<>4388 THEN STOP

300 INPUT “NAME OF INPUT
FILE”;F$

310 OPEN 15,8,15

320 OPEN 1,8,3,F$

330 INPUT# 15,E,E$,E1,E2

340 IF E<>0 THEN PRINT 380 IF D$="‘P” THEN A=4:GOTO

E;E$;E1;E2:STOP 400
350 INPUT “OUTPUT TO 390 GOTO 350
SCREEN OR PRINTER”;D$ 400 OPEN 2,A
360 D$=LEFT$(D$,1) 410 SYS 8192
370 IF D$="‘S” THEN 420 CLOSE 2
A=3:G0TO 400 430 CLOSE 1 a

TYPING AIDS

MLX, our machine language entry program for the 64
and 128, and The Automatic Proofreader are utilities
that help you type in Gazette programs without mak-
ing mistakes. To make room for more programs, we no
longer include these labor-saving utilities in every is-
sue, but they can be found on each Gazette Disk and
are printed in all issues of Gazette through June 1990.

If you don’t have access to a back issue or to one
of our disks, write to us, and we'll send you free print-
ed copies of both of these handy programs for you to
type in. We'll also include instructions on how to type
in Gazette programs. Please enclose a self-addressed,
stamped envelope. Send a self-addressed disk mail-
er with appropriate postage to receive these programs
on disk.

Write to Typing Aids, COMPUTE's Gazette, 324
West Wendover Avenue, Suite 200, Greensboro,
North Carolina 27408.

JULY 1992 COMPUTE G-21

The GEOS deskTop is

a very efficient

its faults. Here’s

a look at some deskTop

G-22

alternatives.

COMPUTE JULY 1992

GEOS

Steve Vander Ark

IN SEARCH OF
A BETTER DESKTOP

Which GEOS application do
you use the most? You might
think it’s geoWrite, but it's the
deskTop. The deskTop lets
you erase and copy files,
page through disk directories,
and load and run applications.
The deskTop is like home
base—where you go when
you click on Quit.

Whenever you hit a quit but-
ton, GEOS looks for and runs
the file called DESKTOP. Ob-
viously, it wouldn't do to have
an unsuspecting user rename

_ his or her deskTop. That's why

it's invisible to the system and
why it isn't called an applica-
tion in its info box. It's aGEOS
system file 4, which is a file
type you can’t rename.

The deskTop, especially
the 2.0 version, is very effi-
cient, but it has some faults.
Moving from page to page on
the notepad, for example, is a
fairly slow process, since the
system must load each page
and its icons separately. Also,
the deskTop provides only
marginal support for a third
disk drive and until recently
provided none at all for devic-
es such as CMD's RAMLink.

Over the years, program-
mers have created several dif-
ferent file-handling applica-
tions to supplement the desk-
Top. These programs buy
speed by using text instead of
icons to list files. Most of them
patch the GEOS system with
a different filename so that a
Quit command returns you to
them instead of the deskTop.
Here’s a list of such programs.

DualTop. DualTop, as its
name implies, does the desk-
Top one better by displaying
the directories of two disks
side by side. Standard file func-
tions are accomplished by
highlighting the filename and
then clicking on one of the but-
tons on the screen. DualTop

supports three drives, includ-
ing RAM drives.

On Q-Link, the 128 version
is called 128DTV27.SFX,
uploaded by RedSonia. DUAL-
TOP is the 64 version, upload-
ed by JBUS.

WormDesk. This program
provides all normal file func-
tions, as well as an elaborate
view system. The directory dis-
played can consist of only one
type of file at a time. This usu-
ally is fine, but once in a while
it's nice to be able to peruse
an entire directory, an option
not available on WormDesk.

The Q-Link filename is
WORMDESKS.0O, uploaded by
geoWorm. It's for the 64 only.

QwikTop. The QwikTop
screen is divided into eight box-
es, each of which displays the
files from a single page of the
deskTop’s notepad. The result
is that you get to see seven
pages at once, plus the bor-
der, with filenames shown in
text. QwikTop saves space by
including only the most often-
used file functions, but the
fact that you can view most of
a disk’s files at once and
move them around from page
to page almost instantly
makes this one a joy for those
of us who like to organize our
disks. This one's a winner!

Q-Link filenames are
QWIKTOP, uploaded by IL-
LINI70, and QWIKTOP128.2,
uploaded by GEOREP JIM.

Mini-Desk. This Jim Collette
masterpiece is a desk acces-
sory which provides access to
a few essential file-handling op-
tions while you're within anoth-
er application. | find this nifty
program especially helpful
when I'm working on a project
where the application and the
document are both in RAM.
Mini-Desk lets me copy the
file I'm working on to another
drive, assuring me of a current
copy even if the power fails.

Released as part of Comm-
Plex Software's GeoWizard
disk, the entire package is

$16.95 from CommPlex Soft-
ware, 6782 Junction Road, Pa-
vilion, New York 14525.

Switcher. To avoid the de-
lay while one application quits
to the deskTop and another
one loads, Switcher avoids the
deskTop and provides a dia-
log box from which to open
the next application. This isn't
really a full-fledged deskTop re-
placement, but if your work re-
quires moving from program
to program, Switcher will cer-
tainly keep you jumping. Its
very small size makes it a
boon for single-drive geoPub-
lish users. Its Q-Link filename
is SWITCHER 1.3, uploaded
by Student t.

gateWay. GateWay is more
than a deskTop alternate. It's
a full-blooded replacement
with lots of great features. Un-
til recently, gateWay was the
only file-handling system
which supported CMD's RAM-
Link and RAMDrive. For more
information, see the Gazette re-
view (November 1991).

GateWay ($29.95) is availa-
ble in 64 and 128 versions
from Creative Micro Designs,
P.O. Box 646, East Longmead-
ow, Massachusetts 01028.

geoShell. GeoShell takes
the GEOS environment full cir-
cle, replacing the graphics in-
terface of the deskTop with
text commands. While this
might seem to you like a step
backwards, the many hot-key
commands and the speed of
this program might instead
lead you to decide that it's the
most efficient file-handling rou-
tine around. For example, by
typing the filename of a file on
the current disk and pressing
Return, geoShell quickly
scans the directory and then
loads and runs the file.
There's no need to page
through a slew of icons or
scroll through a directory.

For more information about
geoShell, contact Maurice Ran-
dall, 215 East Harris, Char-
lotte, Michigan 48813. a

The Gazette
Productivity
Manager

(Formerly PowerPak)

Harness the productivity
power of your 64 or 128!

Turn your Commodore into

a powerful workhorse, keep track
of finances, generate reports
in a snap, manage your
money in minutes—

all with the new 1991
Gazette Productivity
Manager! Look at all
your 64/128 Productivity
Manager disk contains.

ORDER YOUR
1991 GAZETTE
PRODUCTIVITY
MANAGER
TODAY!

GemCalc 64 & 128—

A complete, powerful, user-

friendly spreadsheet with all
the features you'd expect
in an expensive commercial package
(separate 64 and 128 versions are included).
Most commands can be performed with a single keypress!

Memo Card—Unleashes the power of a full-blown
database without the fuss! Nothing’s easier—it’s a
truly simple computerized address file. Just type in
your data on any one of the index cards. Need to edit?

Just use the standard Commodore editing keys. (MasterCard and Visa accepted on orders with subtotal over $20).
Finished? Just save the data to floppy. What could be | °° ° # # © # ©)©6©” DDT TTSS
easier? DYES! please send me Productivity Manager disk(s)

($14.95 each).

Subtotal

Sales Tax (Residents of NC and NY please add appro-
priate sales tax for your area, Canadian orders, add
7% goods and services tax.)

—— Shipping and Handling ($2.00 U.S. and Canada, $3.00
surface mail, $5.00 airmail per disk.)

I
I
I
Financial Planner—Answers all of those questions !
concerning interest, investments, and money manage-
ment that financial analysts charge big bucks for! You 1
can plan for your children’s education and know !
exactly how much it will cost and how much you need
to save every month to reach your goal. Or, decide | ——— Total Enclosed
whether to buy or lease a new car. Use the compound | —Check or Money Order — MasterCard _ VISA
interest and savings function to arrive at accurate ' baat
|
I
|
|
|
I
I
I
I
I
I
I

estimates of how your money will work for you. aes
Compute the answer at the click of a key!

(Required)
Daytime Telephone No,

Name

Address

City
State/ uP/
Province —__ —__ Postal Code

DON’T MISS OUT ON THIS
POWERFUL WORKHORSE!

Send your order to Gazette 1991 Productivity Manager,
324 W. Wendover Ave., Ste. 200, Greensboro, NC 27408.

Don't let death act

as an obstacle

fo your future. Use

G-24

multimedia as
a springboard to
immortality.

COMPUTE JULY 1992

D'IVERSIONS

Fred D'lgnazio

DIGITAL
IMMORTALITY

When | was a child, | used to
think | was immortal. | couldn't
die. This type of attitude natu-
rally led to several life-threat-
ening experiences, such as
jumping off roofs, almost get-
ting hit by cars, and climbing
on cliffs. | concluded that my
surviving these activities dem-
onstrated my invulnerability.

When | grew older and had
experienced the deaths of my
uncle, a favorite grandmother,
and a few assorted movie
stars and pets, | grew wiser. |
realized that maybe | wasn't im-
mortal. Maybe | could die, But,
heck, | was young. Death was
probably 50, 60, maybe 80
years away. | was hopeful.
Someone was bound to discov-
er a cure for old age way be-
fore | got close to dying.

| clung to this notion of a
fountain of youth for quite a
few years, but nowit’s starting
to dry up. It's getting harder to
believe in medical miracles.
I'm 43, and there doesn’t
seem to be a miracle drug on
the horizon. In fact, things
seem to be getting worse.
With the upsurge in crime, vi-
olence, AIDS, and so on, | feel
far more at risk now than | did
when | was younger.

The other night | was watch-
ing television, feeling kind of
blue, and | spotted a commer-
cial that features Elton John
playing alongside Louis Arm-
strong, Humphrey Bogart, and
James Cagney. Through spe-
cial digital techniques, movie
images of these long-dead
superstars have been added
to a new ad that features a
very much alive Elton John.

The next night | tuned into
the Grammy Awards and saw
Natalie Cole win a Grammy for
her song “Unforgettable.” To
create this version, she used
digital techniques to weave
her father’s original song into

a new recording in which the
two of them sing a duet. Nat
King Cole is dead, but that
didn't stop his daughter from
resurrecting his unforgettable
solo and changing it into a
hauntingly beautiful father-
daughter masterpiece.

Both of these instances qual-
ify as digital immortality. |
know that Cagney, Bogart,
Cole, and Armstrong are
dead, but | did see and hear
them on television the other
night in new productions.

The Elton John commercial
and the Natalie Cole song
have been so successful that
they're sure to spawn a host of
imitations. Television compa-
nies, movie houses, and ad
agencies will search their ar-
chives to resurrect film stars,
political figures, authors, ath-
letes, heroes, villains, and
saints to mix their images with
contemporary media figures.
We'll soon be flooded with
songs and commercials digi-
tally combining the dead and
the undead: Marilyn Monroe
with Madonna, W. C., Fields
with Danny DeVito, Lou
Gehrig with Jose Canseco,
Teddy Roosevelt with George
Bush, Steve Martin with the
Three Stooges.

In fact, virtual immortality is
nothing new. We've been get-
ting accustomed to it for
years. What's the effect of me-
dia stars dying? If they're pop-
ular, it doesn't mean that we
no longer see them. All it
means is that we don't get any
new material. We still see re-
runs of their best work.

Are Bing Crosby and Dan-
ny Kaye gone? It doesn’t
seem like it after I've watched
White Christmas. What about
Judy Garland? Not after see-
ing Wizard of Oz with my three-
year-old, How about Spencer
Tracy, John F. Kennedy, or
Jim Morrison? It's hard to imag-
ine Lucille Ball gone after
watching one of her wonderful
“| Love Lucy” episodes.

The truth is that my memory
of astar’s death pales in com-
parison to the vivid, poignant
evidence of his or her survival
on the television or movie
screen. The stars seem still
alive when | see them in the
midst of news programs, sit-
coms, and commercials that
feature the products and celeb-
rities of the here and now.

This brings me to my own
death, or, hopefully, my own vir-
tual immortality. | may give up
on cryogenics, miracle drugs,
and fountains of youth, but |
might still achieve immortality
through multimedia.

| can see a whole new indus-
try springing up as funeral
homes retrofit middle-aged
and older Americans with dig-
ital re-creations of their lives.
They can interview us to cap-
ture our voices and images.
They can scan in photographs
and digitize home movies and
audio tapes to capture us dur-
ing our youth and our adult-
hood. They can embed us in
the era in which we lived and
put a spin on the whole pres-
entation. How do we want to
be remembered? Nostalgical-
ly? Romantically? Dashingly?
Respectfully? Producers at mul-
timedia funeral homes will be
able to remaster our lives digi-
tally and dramatize them ac-
cording to our wishes.

“This Is Your Life, Fred D'lg-
nazio." That's what I'll get. I'll
pay about a thousand dollars.
It'll take only a couple of days
to create at the local funeral
home equivalent of a one-
hour Insty-Prints or Moto-Pho-
to. I'll be packaged on CD-
ROM. I'll get a dozen copies
to distribute to my wife, chil-
dren, and close friends. When-
ever they miss me or want to
remember how | was, they'll
boot up my disc in their com-
puter, and I'll spring to life,
just like Bogart, Armstrong,
Cagney, and Cole.

I'll be immortal. | won't no-
tice, but others will. a

PROGRAMS

POP-UP

By Richard Penn

While entering data for an applications
program, you suddenly need to make a
calculation. You press a key, call up a cal-
culator screen, determine the answer
that you need, and then continue with
your main program.

The telephone rings while you're work-
ing on areport, and you need to check a
date while discussing an appointment.
You press a key, call up a calendar, and
then return to your report.

Afterward, prior to printing your report,
you call up a smart help screen—one
that knows you're ready to print and dis-
plays only a summary of printer com-
mands, not the ten previous pages of in-
structions that you don't need.

If you think this sounds like something
only an expert programmer could do in
machine language, you're wrong. Pop-
Up allows you to add pop-up desk tools
to BASIC programs as easily as writing a
GOSUB subroutine, and it lets you call
them with a single command!

Typing It In

Pop-Up consists of three programs.
The first is the actual machine lan-
guage routine, so you'll need to use
MLX, our machine language entry pro-
gram to enter it. See “Typing Aids” else-
where in this section. When MLX
prompts you, respond with the values
given below.

Starting address: COOO
Ending address: C607

Before exiting MLX, save a copy of
this program with the name POP-UP.
The enclosed demonstration program
looks for that name when it runs.

A second machine language pro-
gram contains sprite data for an on-
screen calculator that’s used in the dem-
onstration program. Again, you'll need
MLX to type it in. When MLX prompts
you, respond with the following values.

Starting address: 3E00
Ending address: 3FFF

When you've finished typing, be sure
to save a copy of the program as CAL-
CULATOR.SPR.

Finally, Demo is a BASIC program

that shows how to use Pop-Up. To pre-
vent typing errors, enter it with The
Automatic Proofreader; see “Typing
Aids” again elsewhere in this section.

Put It to Work

To use Pop-Up in your own applica-
tions, add lines 30-40 of Demo to the
beginning of your BASIC programs.
Now let's take a look at how it works.

Two Commands

Pop-Up works by setting up a branch
key. Whenever f1 is pressed, the run-
ning BASIC program is suspended,
and execution branches to a selected
line. This subroutine, which runs inde-
pendently with its own variables, con-
tains the code for the pop-up tool.
Pressing f1 again returns you to the
main program without a hint that any-
thing ever happened. Think of it as a
powerful GOSUB key that jumps to a
subroutine with its own screen, VIC-II
chip, and variables.

There are only two commands to
learn. The first, SYS 49752, line, ena-
bles Pop-Up and selects the line to
branch to. This command should be
used at the beginning of your program.
The second command, SYS 49877, dis-
ables Pop-Up.

Programming Desk Tools

A BASIC routine for an accessory
such as a calculator is practically no dif-
ferent from any other subroutine, ex-
cept that you must write it as a stand-
alone program that loops endlessly.
Think of an accessory as a new pro-
gram that runs from the main program
whenever you press f1. This new pro-
gram continues until you press f1
again to exit. You'll see a programming
example of this by using a calculator in
Demo.

When you press f1, the machine lan-
guage routines save all important infor-
mation about the main program, such
as BASIC pointers, screen and color
memory, the VIC-II chip, and variables.
Then BASIC jumps to the subroutine se-
lected by the SYS 49752, line com-
mand and executes it, just as if RUN
were typed. This subroutine has its
own variables (2559 bytes stored at
memory locations 50689-53247) that
are cleared each time you press f1.
The display, however, isn’t cleared, so

your pop-up tools can be printed over
the current screen for a window effect.
The only quirk is that the cursor is po-
sitioned one column to the right of the
home location whenever f1 is pressed
the second time.

No changes made to the screen or
sprites by the subroutine called by Pop-
Up are permanent. Pressing f1 again re-
stores the original program and
screen. The only exception is the SID
chip, which cannot be peeked and
therefore cannot be saved.

More Than One

What if you want several accessories?
Include a menu at the beginning of the
Pop-Up subroutine for the user to se-
lect. You might include a calculator, cal-
endar, and notepad.

When programming Pop-Up tools,
it's best to write them separately and
then merge them with your main pro-
gram once they're debugged. This is
because only the main set of variables
is available to the BASIC editor. If you
press Run/Stop while a Pop-Up subrou-
tine is running and then type PRINT A,
the value of A in the main program, not
the subroutine, will be returned.

Also, note that a renumbering utility
won't recognize the new SYS 49752,
line command. You'll have to change
its line number yourself.

Smart Help Screens
Suppose you have a two-part program
in which you first enter data and then
print a report. Some programs offer a
help key, and dumb help screens are
always displayed in the same se-
quence. That means users who need in-
formation about printing but don't
need help for entering data have to
see the data-entry help screen anyway
because it comes first. Smart help
screens eliminate flipping through un-
wanted screens because they know
where you are in a program and only
display relevant information.

Programming them with Pop-Up is
easy. In our example program, you
might insert the command POKE 679,1
at the beginning of the data-entry rou-
tine, and POKE 679,2 at the start of the
report-printing routine.

The help screen subroutine (called
with f1) would check location 679 with
a line such as IF PEEK(679)=1 THEN

JULY 1992 COMPUTE G-25

PROGRAMS

6 C148:85 FD A9 A3 85 FE AG OG E6 | C378:60 80 4F C7 52 58 40 FF 2B
“iat easy fa aay. C150:Bl FD 91 FB £6 FD DO 62 FO | C38G:00 GO 55 FF 60 GO GG BG B2
k i C158:E6 FE E6 FB D@ 62 E6 FC G5 |C388:G3 GO GB 88 BB GB GG 24 BD

data-entry help screen would be print- | c16a:a5 FB C9 16 DG EA A5 FC 6A |C39G:6C 55 GO GO BO G2 GG GG A3
ed. If location 679 held a 2, the pro- | c168:Cc9 63 DG E4 AO BG 85 FB 4E |C398:GG BB GB GG D6 17 GB BB 33
gram would jump to 3000 where a re- | C170:A9 64 85 FC A9 G7 85 FD BC | C3AG:3C G3 66 GB GG G6 GG 6B 7F
port help screen would be displayed, | C178:A9 A6 85 FE Bl FD 91 FB BF | C3A8:08 FA 9F G8 06 6G GG GO E6
For a longer program, just include | $289:E6 FD D@ 02 EG FE £6 FB 2E |C3BG:AG G1 08 04 GG GG GB AC 26
' C188:D@ 92 E6 FC AS FB C9 E8 3B |C3B8:GG G4 GB G2 26 GG GB GB 62

more flags and IF/THEN statements. C190:D@ EA AS FC C9 07 D@ E4 AC | C3CG:04 GG GB 27 GO 85 GO FF D2
C198:A9 GG 85 FB A9 D8 85 FC 1A |C3C8:00 GO FF FF G0 60 FF FF 50
New Look and Feel C1AG:A9 EF 85 FD A9 AS 85 FE 83 | C3D0:00 GG FF FF 60 GG FF FF 58

Pop-Up gives BASIC a new look and | C1A8:B1 FD 91 FB E6 FD DO 62 49 | c3D8:60 20 26 34 39 37 35 35 FS
feel, Never before could software writ- | CLB@:E6 FE E6 FB DG 02 E6 FC SD |C3EG:60 30 30 30 30 FF @@ 00 FE
ten in BASIG@/be.so: Userstriendiyanor | Gioeine oo Gece oo cn Ap Rc, 50 ||C3E@:ER EE 00 00 EF FF G6 09 76
Ys C1C8:C9 DB DG E4 A2 GO BD D7 FO |C3FG:FF FF 60 GO FF FF 96 GG 78
did the BASIC programmer have so | cic8:aD 9D @@ D@ ES EG 2F DG 91 |C3F8:FF FF 90 G0 FF FF 00 90 30
much power at his fingertips. The pos- | C1Dd:F5 AE 66 AE A9 37 85 G1 DC |C40G:FF FF 06 OG FF FF 80 G6 89
sible click-on accessories are limited on- | C1D8:9A ac F3 C5 4 BA EA Ag 18 C408:FF FF 06 06 FF FF 09 60 91
AF rf C1EG:83 8D 62 G3 AO A4 8D G3 F7 |C410:FF FF GG GG FF FF 9G @6 99

ly ey ead eee ee ae ram | CLE8#93 A9 57 8D 24 G3 AD Fl BE | C4l8:FF FF 03 G0 FF FF 06 G0 Al
ven I you Gon't want to program | cipg:gp 25 g3 4C 31 EA A9 57 89 |C420:FF FF GG 00 FF FF 00 GG A9
your own accessories, you can use the | clr8:8D 24 93 A9 Fl 8D 25 G3 5A |C428:FF FF 60 00 FF FF G6 0G Bl
demonstration’s Pop-Up calculator in | c20d:08 A9 6G 20 90 FF 28 26 EA |C430:FF FF 00 00 FF FF 00 96 B9
your own programs by including lines | C208:60 A6 AD EB C2 85 15 AD DF |C438:FF FF 06 60 FF FF 00 G6 Cl

C210:EC C2 85 14 26 a6 AB 4C £7 | C440:FF FF 00 OO FF FF 08 00 C9
20-60 and 1000-1890) C218:AE A7 78 8D E9 C2 8E EA 29 |c448:FF FF G0 OG FF FF @@ GG D1

OP-UP €220:C2 A9 83 8D G2 G3 AS A4 CE | C45G:FF FF 00 OO FF FF 08 60 D9
POP- €228:8D @3 63 A9 57 8D 24 63 6C |C458:FF FF 00 OG FF FF G6 60 El

C@GG:A2 @2 BS 6G 9D FD A2 E8 1D | C236:A9 Fl 8D 25 G3 AO GB 8D 57 | C460:FF FF OG GO FF FF G8 GG ED
C968:E9 FB D@ F6 AY FF 85 FB D6 | C238:E7 C2 AO 36 85 Gl A2 2D 9D | C468:FF FF OO GO FF FF @@ @9 Fl
CG16:A9 OG 85 FC AO F6 85 FD 19 | C240:BD FD A2 95 66 E8 EG 39 70 |C47G:FF FF G6 OG FF FF @@ GG F9
C@18:A9 A3 85 FE AG OO Bl FB 5C | C248:DG F6 AY 37 85 Gl AD EO 12 |C478:FF FF OO GO FF FF 80 GB G2
C620:91 FD E6 FD D@ G2 E6 FE @2 | C250:C2 AE EA C2 58 4C 83 A4 GC | C48G:FF FF OO OO FF FF @@ GO GA
CG28:E6 FB D@ G2 E6 FC AS FB C8 | C258:A9 EE 85 FB A9 C2 85 FC 3F |C488:FF FF 6G G0 FF 7D EA @@ DD
CG636:C9 16 D® EA A5 FC C9 G3 1B] C266:A9 6G 85 FD AO AG 85 FE 25 | C49G:FF GG 22 GE BC 81 7D EBA ll
C638:DG E4 AI GB 85 FB AD 64 G4 | C268:AG BG Bl FB 91 FD E6 FD 84 |C498:7D EA 06 17 C8 GE BC 81 86
CG46:85 FC A9 G7 85 FD AQ A6 87 | C276:DG 62 E6 FE E6 FB DG G2 76 | C4AG:85 BD GC BD BA GE GF FF ES
C@48:85 FE Bl FB 91 FD E6 FD 92 | C278:E6 FC A5 FD C9 FD D@ EA 18 | C4A8:7D EA 62 G7 26 21 DA E4 7C
C@50:DG8 G2 E6 FE E6 FB D@ 62 52 | C280:A5 FE C9 A2 DG E4 28 FD 54 | C4BG:GD G7 FF 7D 78 85 Gl GB 36
CG58:E6 FC A5 FB C9 E8 DG EA 7F | C288:AE 26 8A AD 26 F7 B7 AS 8F | C4B8:22 CF E5 OO GA 14 El 64 CC
CG6G:A5 FC C9 97 DG E4 AX BB BB | C29G:14 8D EC C2 A5 15 8D EB D5 |c4c@:A5 85 A4 81 F417 81 80 B2
CG68:85 FB A9 D8 85 FC AY EF D1 | C298:C2 AX GB 8D E7 C2 78 AI A7 | C4C8B8:GG GB BG Gl 86 66 BG 4G 18
C076:85 FD A9 AS 85 FE Bl FB 8B | C2AG:AB 8D 14 63 AX C2 8D 15 9A | C4D6:00 GE G1 BC 74 AT 79 AG OA
C678:91 FD E6 FD D@ 62 E6 FE 5A | C2A8:03 58 68 AS C5 CD E8 C2 26 | c4p8:9C 2C 9E 35 32 39 39 35 DC
C680:E6 FB D®@ 62 E6 FC AS FB 21 | C2BG:FO 20 8D E8 C2 C9 46 FO AS | C4EG:GG 35 BB BH BO BB OB BO B7
C688:C9 E8 D@ EA AS FC C9 DB 82 | C2B8:19 C9 64 DB 15 AD 8D G2 47 | C4E8:2E 4F 42 4A 22 2C 38 2C AB
CG96:D6 E4 A2 86 BD BG DGB 9D 35 | C2CG:DG 10 AD E7 C2 49 G2 8D B3 | C4FG:31 GG GG GH BB BB BB GB 13
C698:D7 AD E8 EO 2F D@ F5 BA FF | C2C8:E7 C2 FO G3 4C BG CH 4C 71 | C4F8:GG GG BB BH BG GG GB BG 82
CGAG:8E 06 AE AJ 36 85 Gl A2 C7 | C2DG:2E Cl 4C 31 EA 78 AQ 31 38 | C5GG:G8 BG GB GB BB GG GB GG BB
CGA8:62 BD GG AG 95 BG EB EG B4 | C2D8:8D 14 63 AY EA 8D 15 63 DF | C5G8:08 GG BO BB GB BG BB GB 93
C@BG:D9 DG F6 A2 F3 BD 66 AG 93 | C2EG:A9 BG 8D E7 C2 58 68 GH AZ |C510:66 BG BG GB BG BG BB GO 9B
COB8:95 66 E8 EG FB D@ F6 AY EA | C2E8:04 46 GG G3 EA FF 94 FF 31 |C518:00 66 OG GO GB BB GG BG AZ
C6CG:EB 85 FB A9 AG 85 FC AX 72 | C2FG:G6 AA Bl 91 B3 22 22 GB DA |C52G:08 BG BG GB GO BG BB GB AB
COC8:FF 85 FD A9 @@ 85 FE Bl CB | C2F8:98 4C O60 FF G6 64 GB BH Al |C528:06 BG GB GB BG BG BG GO B3
C@DG:FB 91 FD E6 FD D@ G2 E6 G1 | C36G:G2 OO 7F CB 19 16 GG BA 66 |C536:G6 GBB BH GO GG BG GB GB BB
COD8:FE E6 FB D@ @2 £6 FC AS 6B | C308:76 A3 G4 EA BB GB GB GB 3B | C538:G68 BG GB GB BB BG GB BB C3
CGEG:FB C9 6D D@ EA AS FC C9 3F | C316:76 A3 B3 BD 51 BG GB BB 98 |C54G:G8 BG BB GB GB BG BG GO CB
CGE8:A2 D@ E4 AE FC A2 AY 37 74 | C318:96 61 68 G1 C6 G1 C6 G1 BY | C548:496 BB BG GB BG BG BB BB D3
CGOFG:85 G1 9A A9 F6 8D 24 G3 9C | C320:C6 FF CF G6 OG FF CF FA 9F |C554:46 GG GG GB BG GG GB BB DB
CGF8:A9 Cl 8D 25 03 AS 13 8D 36 | C328:FF FA @@ 4F GC 5C 4E D3 A5 | C558:98 BG BG GB GB BG AG GB 65
C190:77 @2 AY BD 8D 78 G2 AY Cl | C33G:17 G3 G2 53 41 24 18 1E 62 |C56G:GE F6 G4 GA GO G2 16 GO FO
C108:02 85 C6 AQ 1A 8D G2 G3 6F | C338:18 FF GB GG GG GG 1E 18 81 |C568:GG 48 EB GG GB GG BG GB 83
C116:A9 C2 8D G3 63 A2 1A BS 87 | C340:90 63 4C B7 GB GBB 69 17 77 |C570:GG GO BB GB BG BG GG GO FB
C118:D8 69 8G 95 D8 CA DG F7 3F | C348:62 17 GB GG BB BH GB BA DG |C578:G6 GB BH GB GO BG BO GB B4
C120:A2 @8 BD F7 67 9D EA C5 78 | C350:76 A3 19 GB BB BB BB 9B AF | C58G:GG AD 57 8D 24 B3 AY Fl AC
C128:CA D@ F7 4C 31 EA A9 36 C7 | C358:CB 7A 6G GB GB 76 BB 8G BE |C588:8D 25 63 AD BB 85 15 AD B9
€130:85 G1 A2 @2 BD FD A2 95 EB | C36G:A3 E6 7A D@ G2 E6 7B AD 26 | C596:64 85 14 26 A6 AB 4C AE 53
C138:00 E8 EG FB D@ F6 AO FF 87 | C368:06 G2 C9 3A BO GA C9 26 Bl |C598:A7 BG BB GB BG BB GB BO F7
C146:85 FB A9 06 85 FC A9 F6 25 | C37G:FO EF 38 E9 3G 38 E9 DG 19 |c5AG:GG GB BG BA GB BB BG BB 2c

G-26 COMPUTE JULY 1992

C5A8: 06
C5BG: 08
CS5B8: 96
C5CO: 88
C5C8: 90
C5DG: 66
C5D8:96
C5EG:1A
C5E8:96
C5FG:6B
C5F8:9D
C66G:Cl

ao
ao
ao
Uy)
ao
Cs)
ao
A7
BO
8E
F7
ao

UT)
i)
1)
1)
i)
6G
8B
E4
DA
53
07
U1)

CALCULATOR.SPR

3E06:5E
3E68:BO
3E10:AA
3E18:00
3E26:06
3E28:06
3E30:06
3E38:00
3E40:AA
3E48:5E
3E5@:AA
3E58:60
3E69: 00
3B68:00
3E76:66
3E78:00
3E80:5E
3E88:5E
3E9G:AA
3E98:60
3EAG: 06
3EA8: 66
3EBO:00
3EB8:60
3ECG:6A
3EC8:5E
3ED@O:AA
3ED8:00
3EEG:08
3EE8:00
3EFO:9G
3EF8:06
3F66:55
3F08:BO
3F10:5E
3F18:BE
3F29:BG
3F28:5E
3F30:BE
3F38:BG
3F40:55
3F48:AA
3F50:5E
3F58:EA
3F60:AA
3F68:5E
3F7G:AA
3F78:AA
3F80:55
3F88:AA
3F90:55
3F98:FF
3FAG:AA
3FA8:5E
3FBQ:BE

SE
BE
BO
Ui)
Ct)
ly)
6o
66
5E
AA
AA
Cy)
Vs)
1)
C1)
oo
5E
BE
AA
Ut)
Ui)
06
06
Ur)
AS
6A
AA
66
Ct)

Bo
BE
FF
06
oo
ri)
U))
06
5E
BE
FF
66
1)
6o
CI]
i)
5E
BE
EE
Cr)
Vy)
C1)
Cr)
14)
SE
AB
7E
06
oo
Cr)
Cs)
66
50
AA
5E
BO
AA
5E
Ba
AA
55
AA
EA
BE
AA
AA
BE
AA
55
AA
55
FF
AA
SE
BE

3FB8:AA AA AA AA 5A 5A 5A CO E8
3FC0:55 55 55 6A AA AA 6A AA 16
3FC8:AA 6A AA AA 65 55 55 65 C7

65 55 55 65 55 55 91
FF 6A AA AA 6A AA 33
AA AA 6A AS 5A 6A 58
6A AS 5E 6A A5 SE BF
FE 6A AA AA 6A AA 95

3FF8:AA 6A AA AA 6A AS 5A A5 AB

DEMO

FF 28 POKE5328@,6:POKE53265,11

BA

PX

BJ

AX

QA

KK

36
46
56
66
76
86
96

166

116

126

136

146
156
166
161
162

163

164
165

166

167

168

169

116

:POKE53281,8:PRINT" {CLR}
":POKE53265,27
POKE147,6:SYS57812"POP-U
P",8,1:SYS62631
POKE147,@:SYS57812"CALCU
LATOR. SPR", 8,1:SYS62631

$Y$49752,1020:REM ENABLE
POP-UP AND SET LINE TO
{SPACE}BRANCH TO

A$="{RED}{13 SPACES}COPY
RIGHT 1992"+CHRS (13)
AS=AS$+"{4 SPACES}COMPUTE
PUBLICATIONS, INTL, LTD
"+CHRS (13)

AS=AS+"{1@ SPACES}ALL R
IGHTS RESERVED":FORT=1T
06:AS=AS+CHRS (13) :NEXT
BS="{YEL}{9 SPACES}POP~
UP DEMO PRESS <F1>":FOR
T=1T06:BS=BS$+CHR$ (13) :N
EXT
FORT=1TOLEN (A$) : PRINTMI
D$(A$,T,1);:FORDL=1T046
:NEXT:NEXT
FORT=1TOLEN (BS) : PRINTMI
D$ (B$,T,1);:FORDL=1T049
: NEXT: NEXT

GoTO12¢6

@ REM POP-UP CALCULATOR

O:

@ V=53248:POKEV+21,6:S=2
55:FORT=2640T02047:POK
ET,S:S=S-1:NEXT

@ FORT=39T046:POKEV+T, 12
:NEXT: POKEV+37,15: POKE
V+38,11:POKEV+28, 255

@ S=0:FORT=GTO6STEP2:POK
EV+T ,32+S:S=S+48:NEXT

@ S=0:FORT=8TO14STEP2:PO
KEV+T , 32+S:S=S+48:NEXT

@ FORT=1TO7STEP2:POKEV+T
,98:NEXT:FORT=9TOL5STE
P2:POKEV+T, 140:NEXT

@ POKEV+29,255: POKEV+23,
255: POKEV+21,255

@ PRINT" {HOME}{5 DOWN}":
FORT=1T07: PRINT"
{RIGHT}{23 SPACES}":NE
XT

@ POKEV+27,255:PRINT"
{HOME}{7 DOWN}"TAB (15)
"{2}C 7 8 9":PRINT

6 PRINTTAB(4)"{RED}M+ *
{SPACE}+ %{3 SPACES}

sD

JG

1116

1126
1136
1146
1156
1166
1176
1186

1196
1206

1216

1226
1236

1246
1256

1266

1276

1286

1296
1366
1316
1326

1336
1346

1356

1366

1376

1386
1396

£2}. 4.5 6":PRINT
PRINTTAB(4)"{RED}MR /
{SPACE}- ={3 SPACES}
{236 1 2 3"

GOSUB1286

RT=V:01S=O0P$
GOSUB1296:V1=V:02$=O0P$
IFO1$="+"THENRT=RT+V1
IFO1S$="—"THENRT=RT-V1
IFO1S="*"THENRT=RT*V1
IFO1$="/"ANDV1=@THEN12
16
IFO1S="/"THENRT=RT/V1
IFLEN (STR$ (RT) ) <12THEN
1236

PRINT" {HOME}{7 DOWN}
{2 RIGHT}{6 SPACES}ERR
OR":GETAS: IFAS<>"
{HOME} "ANDAS<>"{CLR}"T
HEN1216

GoTo112¢

PRINT" {HOME}{7 DOWN}
{2 RIGHT}{1l1 SPACES}":
PRINT" {HOME}{7 DOWN}"T
AB (13-LEN(STR$(RT)))RT
IFO2$<>"="THENO1$=02$:
GOTO1146
POKE198,@:WAIT198,1:GE
TAS: IFAS="="THEN1256
IFAS="+"ORAS$="~"ORAS="
*"ORAS="/"THENO1S=A$:G
0T01146
DS="":C=G:DP=G:2Z=0:GOS
UB1319:GOTO1130

PRINT" {HOME}{7 DOWN}
{2 RIGHT} {BLU}

{16 SPACES}@"
DS="":BS="{11 SPACES}"
:C=0:DP=6:2=0
POKE198,@:WAIT198,1:GE
TAS
IFAS$="{HOME}"ORAS="
{CLR} "THENCLR:GOTO1129
IFZAND (AS="+"ORAS="~"0
RAS="*"ORAS="/"ORAS="=
") THENOPS=AS$: V=VAL (DS)
: RETURN

IFAS=". "ANDDP=GTHENDP=
1:GOSUB1370:GOTO1368
IFASC (A$) <480RASC (A$) >
570RC>9THEN130G
IFAS="Q"ANDDP=GANDVAL (
D$) =@THENGOSUB1390:GOT
01308

DS$=D$+A$: PRINT" {HOME}
{7 DOWN}"TAB (2) LEFTS (B
$,11-LEN (DS) )D$:C=C+1:
Z=1:GOT01300

IFVAL (D$) =@THENDS$="@":
C=1:Z=1

RETURN

PRINT" {HOME}{7 DOWN}
{2 RIGHT}{1@ SPACES}6"
:Z=1:RETURN

Richard Penn is a prolific Commodore
Programmer who lives in Montreal, Que-
bec, Canada.

JULY 1992 COMPUTE G-27

PROGRAMS

MIMIC 128

By Joseph Sheppard
| set out to design this diversion just to
show my parents that all my hours in
front a computer weren't a waste of time.
Mimic 128 does a good job of showing
off how easy it is to use the 128's sound
and graphic commands in BASIC.
Mimic 128 is asimple but entertaining
game that's similar to the hand-held elec-
tronic game Simon Says. The computer
lights one of four colored panels at ran-
dom and plays a corresponding musical
tone. You're to press the joystick up,
down, left, or right to light the same pan-
el in response. If you're successful, the
computer will repeat the sequence, add-
ing an additional panel each time to the
series. The object is to mimic the comput-
er, lighting the same sequence of panels.

Entering the Program

Mimic 128 is written entirely in BASIC
7. To help avoid typing errors, enter
the program with The Automatic Proof-
reader; see “Typing Aids” elsewhere in
this section. Be sure to save a copy of
the program to tape or disk before you
exit Proofreader.

High Scores

For those with a competitive nature,
Mimic 128 has a high-score sequential
file named MM.HS that keeps track of
the best player's name, date, and the
number of panels he or she has prop-
erly responded to. The first time the pro-
gram is run, MIMIC searches for this
file. Since no such file exists, the first
player will beat a high score of 0. The
first player is guaranteed a spot on the
disk for at least one session, no matter
how badly he or she plays.

Tape Support
Players using tape drives should mod-
ify the OPEN statements in lines 35
and 30120 to ,1 instead of ,8. Also,
tape users should immediately play a
game to establish the high-score file di-
rectly behind the section of tape
where the game file has been saved.
After you finish a game, the comput-
er will check to see if you made the
high score. If so, you'll be asked for the
appropriate information. After a game,
you'll be presented with a menu
whose choices consist of Try again,

G-28 COMPUTE JULY 1992

Continue, and End. Select Continue if
you wish to continue with the current
game. The computer won't accept a
high score based on the continuation
of an old game, however. Try again
starts a new game, and End returns
you to BASIC.

One last note: Be sure to explore the
sound capabilities of your machine.
Feel free to alter the sound envelopes,
producing different tones and sounds
for each panel. You can also make the
final sound of the game (the one gen-
erated when you mess up) a little less
dramatic and frightening.

MIMIC 128

MM 5 REM COPYRIGHT 1992 - COMP
UTE PUBLICATIONS INTL LTD
- ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

CG 16 DIM MD$(6) ,MC(60) ,MCS(6
6)
QR 20 COLORG,1:COLOR4,1
EE 30 PRINT" {CLR}":PRINT"DIFFI
CULTY LEVEL (1-EASIER TO
5-BORING) ":GETKEYDL
RE 32 IFDL<1ORDL>5 THEN30
FG 35 OPEN2,8,2,"MM.HS,S,R"
RB 36 INPUT#2, ZNS$(1),22$(1),2
D$ (1)
PG 37 DCLOSE
MB 38 22(1)=VAL(2Z$(1))
SJ 66 PRINT" {CLR}":FORZ=1T012:
PRINT: NEXTZ: PRINT"
{12 SPACES}SETTING UP BO
ARD":PRINT"{1@ SPACES}TE
N SECONDS, PLEASE.":SLEE
P2
QE 70 FAST
RR 89 GOSUB1G00G
HP 98 SLOW
QS 166 NT=RND(TI) :NT=INT(RND (1
)*44+1)
XA 116 NTS=STRS (NT)
RQ 126 IFNT=1THENNNS="C":X=17:
Y=9:C=6
QX 136 IFNT=2THENNNS="D":X=26:
¥=12:C=7
JK 140 IFNT=3THENNNS="E":X=17:
¥=15:C=8
PX 15@ IFNT=4THENNNS="E":X=9:Y
=12:C=3
EF 166 MSS=MSS$+NN$
FK 176 COLOR2,2:FORZ=1T0600:NE
XTZ:GOSUB26608
SA 186 AS=""
KS 190 FORT=1TO (LEN (MSS) )
MM 206 MC(T)=JOY (2)
MX 202 IFMC(T)=1THENMCS (T)="C"
:X=17: C=6:GOTO219
GD 263 IFMC(T)=3THENMCS (T)="D"
:X=26:Y=12:C=7:GOTO21G
QS 204 IFMC(T)=5THENMCS (T)="B"
:X=17:Y=15:C=8:GOT0210
JA 265 IFMC(T)=7THENMCS (T)="F"

:X=9:Y=12:C=3:GOTO216

KJ

SQ
GG
Qu

MH

HQ

SH

FB

AR

EH

Gc

AQ

GR
ED
DG
ES
SB
GD
AB
FR

RB
KK

266
216
226
221
222
224
226

234
236
238
246

243
996

994
995

996

997
998

16600

10601

16665
16160

16116
16126

161306

10146

16266

16216
16226
16236
16248
16258
16368
16999
20068

20168
20116

GOTO266

IFMC$ (T) <>MDS$ (T) THEN24G
CHAR2,X-1,Y,"CORRECT"
PLAYMCS (T)
FORZ=1TODL+75:NEXTZ
COLOR3,C
CHAR3,X-1,¥,"{7 SPACES}
"1

AS=AS+MCS (T)

NEXTT

IFAS$=MSSTHEN1GG
SOUND2,2500,60,2,2470,2
71,3048

SOUND3, 2600,50,2,,3,3
PRINT"YOU GOT";LEN (MS$)
~1; "CORRECT !": SLEEP3
IFQQ=GTHENGOSUB30000
FORZ=1T024: PRINT: NEXTZ:
INPUT"{BLU}DO YOU WISH
{SPACE}TO (T)RY AGAIN, (
C)ONTINUE{3 SPACES}OR (
E)ND";MS
IFMS$="T"THENQQ#G: PRINT:
PRINT: PRINT:AS="":MS$="
"PRINT: PRINT: PRINT :GOT
0108
IFMS$="C"THENQQ=1: PRINT:
PRINT: PRINT: GOTO176
GRAPHICG,1:END

REM ***{2 SPACES}GRAP
HIC SETUP{2 SPACES}**
*

REM ***{2 SPACES}PLAY
ING BOARD{2 SPACES}**
*

GRAPHIC4,1,23:COLOR1,
2
WIDTH2:DRAW1,28,46TO7
3,46T078,53T083,46TOL
27,46T0142,75T0142,12
370127,152T083,152T07
8,145T073,152T028,152
7T014,125T014,747T028,4
6:WIDTH1
DRAW1,51,66T0105,66TO
85,90T071,90T051,66
DRAW1,72,169T084,109T
0164,132T051,132T072,
109
DRAW1,95,937T0115,75TO
129,75T0129,123T0115,
123T095,105T095,93
DRAW1,61,105T061,93TO
41,75T029,75T029,123T
041,123T061,165
COLOR1,16:COLOR2,3:CO
LOR3,7
PAINT2,50,100,1
PAINT3,101,106,1
COLOR2,6:COLOR3,8
PAINT2,60,75,1
PAINT3,75,120,1
CHARL,17,12,"MIMIC"
RETURN

REM{2 ‘SPACES}***

{2 SPACES}LIGHT UP PA
NEL{2 SPACES}***
FORT=1TOLEN (MSS)

MDS (T) =MID$ (MS$,T,1)

GH 26120
HD 261386
JD 26146
BD 26142

NEXTT

FORT=1TOLEN (MSS)
PLAYMDS (T)

IFMDS (T) ="C"THENX=17:

Y=9:C=6

IFMDS (T) ="D"THENX=25:

¥=12:C=7

IFMD$ (T) ="E"THENX=17:

Y=15:C=8

IFMDS (T) ="E"THENX=9 2 Y

=12:C=3

CHAR2,X,Y,"PRESS"

FORZ=1TODL*106:NEXTZ

COLOR3,C

CHAR3,X,Y,"{5 SPACES}
"1

NEXTT

RETURN

MS=LEN (MS$) -1
IFMS<ZZ(1) THENRETURN

GRAPHICG,1
PRINT" { RED }CONGRADULA

TIONS! YOU HAVE JUST
{SPACE}BEAT THE

{2 SPACES}PREVIOUS RE

CORD OF"

PRINT"{GRN} ";ZZ(1);"
{RED} SET BY {GRN}";Z
N$(1);" {RED}ON {GRN}
";ZDS(1);"{RED}"

GETKEYAS

PRINT: INPUT"WHAT IS Y

OUR NAME"; ZNS (1)
INPUT"WHAT IS TODAY'S
DATE"; ZDS (1)

22 (1) =MS:GS$=CHR$ (13)
PRINT: PRINT" {BLU }ONE
{SPACE}MOMENT; SAVING
SCORES..."
SCRATCH"MM.HS"

OPEN2,8,2,"MM.HS,S,W"
PRINT#2, ZNS(1) GS 22
(1) G$ zD$(1)

DCLOSE

GRAPHIC4,G, 23

RETURN

DD 26144
QH 20146
XC 26148

RQ 26156
KM 26160
QB 20176
AS 26180

ER 26199
FG 26199
JP 36069
EM 36010
QD 36629
DK 36636

BF 36646

CX 360656
RA 36066

ER 36676

PA 36086
JB 36196

RP 36116
RJ 36126
EE 36130

Qs 30146
HK 36156
AD 36160

Joseph Sheppard lives in West Fork,
Arkansas.

SPEEDPURGE

By Daniel Lightner

SpeedCheck is a popular utility program
that checks for misspelled words in any
SpeedScript word processing document.
It examines text word by word, compar-
ing words in the document with entries in
its dictionary. If the program comes
across a word it doesn’t recognize, it high-
lights the word on your screen so that
you can correct any misspellings imme-
diately. If SpoeedCheck comes across a
correctly spelled word that isn't in its dic-
tionary, it will also highlight that word.
These new words can then be added to

SpeedCheck's dictionary. As you work
with SpeedCheck, you can create your
own personalized dictionary disks,
which may contain thousands of words.

Words on the SpeedCheck dictionary
disk are kept in sequential files, with one
file for each of the 26 letters of the alpha-
bet. As new words are added, they are
tacked onto the end of the appropriate
file. This makes adding words to the dic-
tionary fast and simple, but it makes look-
ing up words slower because words are
added in random—rather than alphabet-
ical—order. Within the file for Z, for exam-
ple, zebramight be found between zymur-
gy and zipper.

The only way to find a particular item
in randomly ordered data is to search se-
quentially from the first item until the de-
sired item is found. Thus, when Speed-
Check looks up a word, it must hunt
through all the words with the same initial
letter before it can determine whether or
not that word is present.

People who use SpeedCheck know
how easy it is to have dictionary files con-
taining duplicate words. SpeedCheck's
Disk Manager program can help, but it's
difficult to find duplicates if there are
many words between them. Sometimes
there may be three or four duplicate
words hogging space on the disk, slow-
ing down SpeedCheck.

Purging files manually for duplicate
words can be a tedious task for a human,
but it's an ideal chore for a computer.
SpeedPurge is just such a utility. It search-
es SpeedCheck dictionary files for dupli-
cate words and deletes them.

Entering the Program

SpeedPurge is a fairly short BASIC pro-
gram. To help avoid typing errors, how-
ever, enter the program with The Auto-
matic Proofreader. See “Typing Aids”
elsewhere in this section. When you've
finished typing, be sure to save the pro-
gram to disk.

Purge Your Files

SpeedPurge is easy to use; just load
and run it. When you're ready to start,
place the disk containing the Speed-
Check dictionary files in drive 8.
SpeedPurge prompts for a filename,
and you enter the letter of the alphabet
that represents the file that you wish to
check. For example, press A to check
the A file and B to check the B file.

SpeedPurge reads the file into an ar-
ray and converts it to ASCII format.
Then it checks the entire file for dupli-
cate words. When SpeedPurge finds a
match, it displays the word and the lo-
cations in the file where the match was
found. Then it deletes one of the pair.
It then continues searching until anoth-
er match is found or until the entire file
has been checked. When it has fin-
ished checking the file, SpeedPurge
asks whether or not you wish to save
the corrected file. Obviously, if no
matches were found, there would be
no need to save the file. Press N if you
don't want to save it; press Y if you do.

After it has finished saving the file,
SpeedPurge asks if you wish to check
another file. Type Y to continue check-
ing files or N to exit SpeedPurge.

SPEEDPURGE

SH 5 REM COPYRIGHT 1992

HK 16 REM COMPUTE PUBLICATIONS
INTL LTD

REM ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

CLR: DIMAS (500) :OPEN15,8,

15

PRINT" {CLR} {DOWN}

{12 RIGHT}{7}SPEEDPURGE
{2 DOWN}"

POKE53280,0:POKE53281,0

INPUT" {BLU}FILE {RED} (A-

Z) {BLU}";F$

IFLEN (FS) >1THEN25

IFASC (FS) <650RASC (FS) >99

THEN25 ,

OPEN2,8,2,"0:"+FS$+",S,R"
:GOSUB225:BS=FS$:X=1: POKE

781,2:SYS65478:SYS65487

SY¥S65487:A=PEEK (780)
IFA>127THENA=A-64 :BS=BS+

CHRS (A) :A$ (X) =BS:BS=F$:X

=X+1:GOTO8G

IPA=39THEN75
IFA<64THENA=A+64

BS=BS$+CHRS$ (A)
IFST=@THENSS

CLOSE2: POKE781,0:SYS6547
8:X=X-1

Z=1

IT=G6: PRINT" {DOWN} {7}":FO
RT=ZTOX:AS=AS (T) : PRINT"
{UP}{8 SPACES}{8 LEFT}";

T;"-";X:FORR=1TOX
IFAS=AS$ (R) THENIFR<>TTHE
NGOSUB226
NEXTR,T
IFIT=QTHEN125
IFIT=XTHENX=X-1:GOTO95
FORT=ITTOX~1:A$(T) =AS$ (T
+1) :NEXTT: X=X-1:GOTO95
PRINT" {BLU}":FORT=1TOX:
PRINTT;A$(T) :A$(T)=RIGH
TS (AS$(T) ,LEN(AS(T) ) -1)

MP 15
RG 26

PK 25

EG 36
EC 35

XR 46
PD 45

Ps 56

BG 55
KA 66

CR 65
DH 76
gM 75
QJ 8a
QE 85

KS 96
PQ 95

EQ 196

FS 165
KA 119
AG 115
RP 120

FA 125

JULY 1992 COMPUTE G-29

PROGRAMS

130 BS="":FORR=1TOLEN (AS (T)
)-1:A=ASC (MIDS (AS(T),R,
1)) :IPA>63THENA=A~64
BS=BS$+CHR$ (A) :NEXTR:A=A
SC (RIGHTS (A$ (T),1)) :A=A
+64:BS=BS+CHR$ (A)

AS (T) =B$:NEXTT

PRINT" {DOWN} {7}SAVE THI
S FILE {RED}Y/N"

GETAS$: IFAS=""THEN150
IFAS="N"THEN19@
IFAS$<>"Y"THEN159
PRINT#15,"SG:"+F$:GOSUB
236
OPEN2,8,2,"6:"+FS+",S,W
":POKE781,2:SYS65481: PO
KE786,13:SYS65490
FORT=1T0X:FORR=1TOLEN (A
$(T)) :AS=MIDS (A$ (T) ,R,1
) SA=ASC (A$) : POKE786,A
SYS65496
NEXTR,T:CLOSE2: POKE781,
3:SYS65481:GOSUB238
PRINT" {DOWN} {3}FINISHED
"

PRINT" {DOWN}{7}DO ANOTH
ER FILE {RED}Y/N"
GETAS: IFAS=""THEN200
IFAS="Y"THEN29
IPAS="N"THENCLOSE15:END
GOTO298
PRINT" {DOWN} {BLU} FOUND
{SPACE}A MATCH! {RED}";
CHRS (34) ;A$(R) ;CHRS (34)
7" {BLU}";T;"{RED}&
{BLU}";R

Z=T: IT=R:T=X:R=X: RETURN
INPUT#15,EN,EMS,ET,ES
PRINT" {DOWN} {RED} "EN;EM
$;ET;ES: IFEN>1THENCLOSE
15:STOP

RETURN

135

146
145

156
155
168
165

176
175

186
185

199
195

266
265
218
215
226

225
2306
235

MF 240

Daniel Lightner programs and raises
Himalayan cats in Sidney, Montana.

ALPHABETIZER

By Todd Piltingsrud
As many 64 and 128 programmers
know from experience, original and pub-
lic domain programs can quickly fill up
your disk library. Finding a desired file is
no problem when there are only a few pro-
grams on a disk, but when file after file
scrolls by during a directory listing, it can
be a hassle. Wouldn't it be easier if all
files were in alphabetical order?
Alphabetizer was written as a solution
to that problem. It reads a disk directory,
reorganizes it, and then saves it back to
disk in alphabetical order. The directory
stays in alphabetical order until you add
additional files or programs.
Alphabetizer consists of two pro-

G-30 COMPUTE JULY 1992

grams. The main program is in BASIC. To
help avoid typing errors, enter it with The
Automatic Proofreader. See “Typing
Aids” elsewhere in this section. Be sure
to save a copy of the program before you
exit Proofreader.

This program loads a short machine
language program. You'll have to use
MLX, our machine language program, to
enter it. Save it with the name ALPHA.ML,
as this is the name used by the BASIC pro-
gram. When MLX prompts, respond
with the following values.

Starting address: C000
Ending address: C147

Putting Disks in Order

Using Alphabetizer is simple. After run-
ning it, select a disk you want to alpha-
betize and place it in the drive. Press
A to alphabetize it or press D to see its
directory. When you have finished,
press Q to quit.

ALPHABETIZER

CP 1 REM COPYRIGHT 1992 ~ COMP
UTE PUBLICATIONS INTL LTD
- ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
5 IFPEEK (49152) <>16@THENLOA
D"ALPHA.ML",8,1
16 PRINT"{CLR}"TAB(11)"
{DOWN} {AP AAAARRR RRR RRR
¢s}"
PRINTTAB(11)"-A ~ ALPHAB
ETIZE-":PRINTTAB (11) "-D
{SPACE}~ DIRECTORY
{2 SPACES}-"
PRINTTAB(11)"-Q - QUIT
{7 SPACES}~":PRINTTAB (11
)"{ZPRRRRRR HR RH RH REREX SN
POKE56, 142:CLR:DIMFPS$ (14
4) ,SP$(144) ,SS%(144)
GETA$: IFAS="A"THENSG
IFAS="D"THENSYS49411:GOT
0680
IFAS<>"Q"THEN3G
PRINT" {CLR}"; :END
PRINT"{DOWN}READING DIRE
CTORY"; :OPEN1,8,15,"I":G
OSUB66G:CLOSE1]
SYS49152:11=PEEK(7):PRIN
TI1"FILES"
PRINT" {DOWN}ALPHABETIZI
NG": FORT=1TOI1:SP$(T)=S
PS$(T)+FPS$(T) :NEXT
N=I1:LI=1:B (LI) =N+1:M=1
J=B (LI): I=M-1: IFJ-M<3TH
EN366
MI=INT ((I+J) /2)
I=I+1: IFI=JTHEN326
IFSP$ (I) <=SP$ (MI) THEN27
6
J=J-1: IFI=JTHEN320

CG

QB

HQ 26

HS 25

27

38
46

66
76
86
96
236
246
256
266
276
286

296

366
316
328
336
346
358
366
378
386
3968

408

416

426
436
449
458
460
476
486
496
506
516
526

536
540

556

560
668

676
680

696

766

IFSPS$ (J) >=SP$ (MI) THEN29
g
SPS=SP$(I):SP$(I)=SPS$(J
) :SP$ (J) =SP$:GOTO276
IFI>=MITHENI=I-1
IFJ=MITHEN350
SPS$=SP$(I):SP$(I)=SP$(M
I) :SP$ (MI) =SPS
LI=LI+1:B (LI) =I:GOTO250
IFJ-M<2THEN396
IFSPS$(M) <SP$ (M+1) THEN39
6
SPS=SPS$ (M) :SPS(M) =SP$ (M
+1) :SP$(M+1)=SP$

M=B (LI) +1:LI=LI~1:IFLI>
OTHEN250
FORT=1T011:FP$(T)=RIGHT
$(SPS$(T) ,5):SP$(T) =LEFT
$(SPS$(T) ,27) NEXT
OPEN1,8,15,"I":GOSUB66G
:OPEN8,8,8,"#":I2=1:PRI
NT" {DOWN}WRITING DIRECT
ory"

PRINT#1,"B-P"; 8; 0
C=@:READS: IFI1-I2<8THEN
PRINT#8 ,CHRS (@) CHRS$ (255
)7:GOTO458
PRINT#8,CHRS$ (18) CHRS(S)

;
PRINT#8,RIGHTS (FPS$(I2),
3) ;:GOTO476

PRINT#8,FPS (12);
PRINT#8,SPS$ (12);
IFI2=I1THEN5S1@
12=12+1:C=C+1: IFC<8THEN
466

READS: PRINT#1,"U2";8;0;
18;S:GOTO420
AS="":FORT=1T032:AS=AS+
CHRS (6) :NEXT
C=C+1:IFC=8THEN546
PRINT#8 ,AS; :GOTO526
READS: PRINT#1,"U2"; 8; 6;
18;S:CLOSE8:SYS49411:GO
TO68B

DATA 4,1,7,4,10,7,13,16
,16,13,2,16,5,2,8,5,11,
8,14,11,17,14,3,17,6,3,
9,6

DATA 12,9,15,12,18,15,0
718
INPUT#1,A,B$,C,D:IFA=@T
HENRETURN

PRINTA;BS;C;D
CLOSE1: PRINT" {DOWN} PRES
S RETURN"

GETAS: IFAS<>CHR$ (13) THE
N690

RUN

ALPHA.ML

CO18:GE
C@26:DG
C828:62
CO36:29
C638:85

68 20 EC CO
8E 85
c8 De
CPE FE
C8 DG
91 62
Cl 38
A2 04

66
62
06
AS
63
19
E9
66

85
26
FO
90
91
co
8D
G2

D8
DD
OF
13
8E
99
E6
DE

16
2F
Ut)
AG
c8
85
DD
69
95
ag
0)
53
ry)
85
Bl
91
AS
1)
FB
91
F8
DG
FF
BD
cé
D7
19
AA
84
AS
D7
Da
cc

F9
85
Bl
@2
Bl
3
98
GA
04
63
75
Do
86
FB
FB
03
FC
Ag
69
65
Ag
C4
Ag
FF
BE.
AA
FA
98
D3
FF
AA
D2
FF

4c
63
63
18
63
4c
ce
95
66
18
4
A2
o7
AQ
FG
c8
91
1B
g5
26
26
66
62
20
AG
AG
48
A4
26
26
AS
Ag
oo

CG4G:CA
CG48:A5
CG5G:AG
CG58:15
CG6G:48
CG68:68
CG7G:G3
CO78:G3
CG8G:GG
CO88:68
CO9G:A9
C898:DG
CGOAG:A2
CGA8: G6
COBG: G2
COB8:05
CO6CB:CB
COC8:AG
CODG:A5
COD8:FC
COEG:A2
CGE8:G2
COFO:BA
CGF8:26
C166:4C
C108:20
C116:88
C118:68
C126:66
C128:26
C136:26
C138:62
C149:4C

24
85
co
65
85
c8
18
G4
2c
95
66
48
co
FC
ao
91
87
c8
c8
E6
ca
AA
AG
A2
EC
A5
FF
1c
E6
De
04
c3
66

87
46
48
BS
E8
6D
FS
98
06
3c
99
7D
G2
CA
B3
51
31
cB
79
DB
AG
21
55
4F
80
pc
FE
78
4B
12
8B
2E
1D

Todd Piltingsrud has subscribed to Ga-
zette for three years and has never
seen a utility that alphabetizes a direc-
tory. So he wrote one. He lives in New
Richland, Minnesota.

DUPLICATE 1541

By Daniel Lightner

When you want to copy files from one
disk to another with Commodore BASIC,
you must first load a file, swap disks, and
then use the SAVE command. This proc-
ess can become tedious when you copy
a disk that contains numerous programs
and files,

Unlike some computers, the 64/128
doesn't come with a built-in DISKCOPY
command. Using a utility program to do
the job for you is one way around this
problem. Duplicate 1541 is just such a util-
ity. With it and a 1541 disk drive, you can
make exact copies of any floppy disk
that isn't copy-protected.

Typing It In

Duplicate 1541 is written entirely in ma-
chine language, but it loads and runs
like a BASIC program. To enter it, use
MLX, our machine language entry pro-

gram; see “Typing Aids” elsewhere in
this section. When MLX asks for start-
ing and ending addresses, respond
with the following values.

Starting address: 0801
Ending address: ODA8

When you've finished typing in Dupli-
cate 1541, be sure that you save a
copy of the program to disk.

Making Copies
Before attempting to copy a disk, it's a
good idea to place a tab over its write-
protect notch. This is just a precaution
in case an accident occurs during the
copy process.

When you run Duplicate, it'll prompt
you to place the source disk in drive 8.
This is the disk that you wish to copy.
After you press the space bar, Dupli-
cate 1541 reads the disk name and ID
and starts reading sectors into memo-
ry starting at track 1. When the comput-
er's memory is filled, the program will
prompt you to place a target disk in
the drive. Remove the source disk,
place a blank disk in the drive, and
press the space bar.

Your blank disk doesn’t have to be
formatted; Duplicate 1541 automatical-
ly formats it for you. To copy an entire
disk, this process must be repeated
three more times. You'll be prompted
when to swap disks.

Duplicate 1541 isn’t exactly a speed-
ster, but it'll get the job done. To
boost the copying speed a bit, the pro-
gram blanks the screen and sets the
1541 to 1540 mode. If your disk has on-
ly a few files on it, copying them man-
ually may be faster .

Duplicate 1541 will inform you when
the copying process is complete. You'll
then be asked if you wish to make
more copies. If you do, tap the Y key.
Press the N key, and Duplicate 1541
will return your computer to BASIC.
When it has finished all of it's tasks, Du-
plicate 1541 restores the screen and re-
turns the drive to 1541 mode.

DUPLICATE 1541

9861:0B G8 C8
G869:31 G6 GG
@811:D9 8D 21
@819:FE 85 G1
@821:CC FF AQ

36
26
29
26
26

9E
rt)
78
20
8D

32
oo
AS
91
B2

30
8D
61
@B
G2

76
3A
A3
2D
2a

07
a6
DG
58
26

@831:6F
9839:B9
G841:6B
9849:20
G851:93
G859:A8
G861:AE
9869:00
O871:FO
G879:12
0881:E8
G889:93
G891:34
G899:E3
G8A1:43
@8A9:C3
@8B1:20
@8B9:20
G8C1:0A
@8C9:99
@8D1:01
@8D9:EC
@8E1:EB
@8E9:EB
@8F1:EB
@8F9:20
G9G1:26
6969:206
@911:29
@919:GA
@921:09
G929:69
9931:05
9939:06
9941:69
9949:6F
9951:B9
6959:67
@961:FF
@969:A2
@971:CF
G979:F6
G981:6A
9989:CB
@991:C7
@999:4C
G9A1:69
G9A9:2G
99B1:93
G9B9:A8
GOIC1:AE
G9C9:88
G9D1:96
G9D9:26
@9E1:A9
G9E9: 00
@9F1:CO
G9F9:AE
GAG1:F9
@AG9:CB
@A11:C7
@A19:4C
GA21:99
@A29:CF
GA31:61
@A39:CF
GA41:A9
GA49:A5
GA51:6D

JULY 1992 COMPUTE

ca
08
26
20
26
AG
AG
co
03
38
8E
26
20
20
6B
6B
E3
43
A2
26
20
20
20
OB
6B
6B
OB
E3
43
43
A2
A2
4c
Ag
oo
co
AE
F9
20
Da
3c
cD
cD
GA
43
G8
26
26
26
AG
co
EE
FF
AG
c8
26
De
cD
cD
GA
A2
8D
69
8D
FF
20
Da
co

59
71
26
9c
95
BF
7A
F9
D6
46
CA
22
46
@D
59
1D
GE
99
59
BG
1lF
56
24
DB
E5
D2
Fl
92
A2
B2
8A
32
86
3c
6E
Fl
8B
45
18
5c
66
77
64
7A
83
18
DA
B4
E7
7E
cc
68
B2
4D
OB
EG
6D
63
DA
F3
65
99
93
B7
45
E7
86
cD
58
6A

G-31

PROGRAMS

GA59:30
GA61:FF
GA69:FF
@A71:F5
@A79:FF
@A81:6D
GA89:FF
GA91:62
GAI9:E5
GAA1:6E
GAA9: BA
@AB1:A8
@AB9:A9
@AC1:A9
GAC9:FB
@AD1:62
GAD9: 66
GAE1:FC
GAE9:85
GAF1:B9
@AF9:2C
@BO1:D0
GBG9:AG
@B11:C8
@B19:20
@B21:8D
@B29:A9
6B31:60
@B39:CO
@B41:62
0B49:10
@BS1:FF
@B59:A0
@B61:C8
@B69:20
@B71:20
GB79: 20
@B81:4E
GB89:79
GB91:AG
@B99:CB
GBA1:A2
GBA9: G2
@BB1:4C
GBB9:A9
@BC1:37
@BC9:8D
@BD1:AG
@BD9:08
@BE1:FF
@BE9:GA
@BF1:8D
GBF9:G2
@CO1:CF
GCO9:66
@C11:65
6C19:G2
GC21:GC
6C29:0F
9C31:56
GC39:98
gC41:8D
GC49:AD
@c51:61
@C59:GA
GC61:8C
9C69:62
@C71:262
@C79:12
@C81:19

G-32

FO
G2
G2
CA
64
G2
26
BL
1A
23

1F
Ut)

AB
AG
c8
Ag
26
AQ
AG
c8
68
62
B9
BG
FF
gc
FF
18
FC
85
46
D2
E4
6B
6c
FS
1l
68
26
26
4c
AD
Ag
B9
6c
iE)
6G
ce
i)
59
FC
6D
FS
26
62
4E
63
34
34
FF
BA
c3
6c
7D
8D
6c
8E
A2
B3
FD
AD
62
cg
BS
65
c4
E8
BO
4
66
68
I)

COMPUTE JULY 1992

Cl)
23
31
32
32
26
20
6D
1c
9A
26
56
41
55
45
26
45
26
26
4F
26
26
4F
56
@D
56
31
43
54
20
26
54
54
26
48
52

14
55
38
26
26
36
36
9A
53
44
44
52
43
54
54
49
26
53
26
4D
21
4D
54
59
96
4c
35
4F
26
43
56
49
4c
41
54
56

14
31
26
31
36
26
55
26
4F
49
52
45
45
26
26
4E
1c
58
43
58
21
41
48
3F
93
49
34
58
31
4F
55
4P
26
4c
53
45

14
26
38
34
20
42
49
26
55
53
49
53
6D
1c
9A
20
56
41
4F
4c
21
4B
45
26
@D
43
31
59
39
4D
42
4E
4c
4c
26
44

12
32
42
34
55
2D
2D
58
52
4B
56
53
9A
54
44
44
52
43
56
45
@D
45
52
1c
26
41
@D
52
39
58
4c
53
54
26
52
@D

1l
26
2D
55
32
56
55
55
43
26
45
26
26
41
49
52
45
45
59
54
@D
26
20
59
20
54
9A
49
32
55
49
20
44
52
45
@D

ahh
30
56
ie
26
26
49
54
45
49
26
53
29
52
53
49
53
@D
20
45
9A
41
43
2F
44
45
26
47
@D
54
43
49
@D
49
53
EA

6C89: 68
GC91:10
9C99:26
@CA1:26
GCA9: 26
@CB1:32
GCR9: 32
@CC1: 2B
@CC9:26
@6CD1: 28
@CD9:4E
@CE1:1C
GCE9:50
@CF1:56
@CF9:47
0D01:4B
6D09:56
6D11:53
@D19:96
@D21:43
@D29:44
@D31:20
6D39:4E
OD41:4F
6D49:4E
@D51:55
@D59:26
@D61:26
@D69: 48
@D71:26
@D79:45
@D81:41
6D89:4E
@D91:26
@D99:47
@DA1:45

Daniel Lightner is a regular contributor
who lives in Sidney, Montana.

RAILROAD SOLITAIRE

By Donald G. Klich
Have you ever been caught up in a sim-
ple game that’s so challenging that you
have a hard time turning it off? Railroad
Solitaire for the 128 is just such a game.
This card game for one person was
originally created to be used as a pas-
time while traveling by train, since little
space was available for conventional
games of solitaire. The object of the
game is ultimately to discard the entire
deck while working with only the four cur-
rently dealt cards.

Typing It In

Railroad Solitaire is written entirely in BA-
SIC 7.0 and works with a 40-column
screen. To help avoid typing errors, en-
ter it with The Automatic Proofreader;
see “Typing Aids” elsewhere in this sec-
tion. Be sure to save a copy of the pro-
gram before you exit Proofreader.

Playing a Hand

You may discard the middle two
cards of the set of four that appear
onscreen if the bracketing cards
are of the same suit or value. If all
four cards match in suit or value,
then all four can be discarded, If
you can't play, you must request an-
other card. This card is placed at
the right-hand side of the screen,
and the card on the left is moved
offscreen and temporarily “lost.”
When discards occur, lost cards
from the left move back to fill the
spaces. If you're lucky enough to
have insufficient lost cards to fill in
from the left, new cards will be
dealt to fill in from the right.

Onscreen prompts will tell you
which keys to press to discard or re-
quest cards. Unlike solitaire played
with actual cards, this computerized
version won't let you cheat or make
an improper move.

When you've gone through the
deck, discarding all that you can,
the game will end, and you'll be in-
formed of any remaining cards.
You'll then have the opportunity to
play again and better your score,

Be prepared for long hours of
play to beat the odds. It took the au-
thor an hour to win, just so he
could test all the logic involved.

RAILROAD SOLITAIRE

EQ 16 REM COPYRIGHT 1992 ~ COM
PUTE PUBLICATIONS INTL L
TD ~ ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

PR 26 REM S$ CONTAINS SUIT CHA
RACTERS

MJ 36 REM SS$ CONTAINS SUIT PI
XELS

KH 4@ REM C CONTAINS SUIT COLO
RS

CX 58 REM VS CONTAINS CARD LAY
OUT DATA

SB 6@ REM DN CONTAINS DECK CAR
D VALUES

FJ 78 REM DS CONTAINS DECK CAR
D SUITS

BF 8@ REM WN CONTAINS WORK CAR
D VALUES

KB 98 REM WS CONTAINS WORK CAR
D SUITS

GH 100 REM DP/WP ARE THE DECK/

WORK POINTERS

119 DIMS$(4) ,V$(13) ,DN(52),
DS (52) ,WN(52) ,WS(52):TS
=52:0=0

126 C(@)=11:C(1)=1:C(2)=11:
C(3)=1:C(4) =2

long

QH

GQ

GB

QG
HE
MH
EP
FQ
AD

HS

JG

SA

BF

FA
RK
KE
MJ
BE

SH

DB

HA

KK

MQ
QG

136

146

156
166
176
186
196
208

216

226

236

248

256
266
276
286

296

366

316
328

336
346

350

368
376

S$ (@) =CHR$ (154) :S$(1)=C
HRS (152) :S$(2) =CHRS (147
) :8$ (3) =CHR$ (129) :S$(4)
=CHRS$ (64)
FORI=6TO51STEP13:FORJ=0
T012:DN(I+J) =J:DS(I+J)=
1/13:NEXTJ:NEXTI
V$(G)="A 63681656563236
"

V$(1)="2 04681656563216
3256"
V$(2)="3 @50681656563216
32563236"
V$(3)="4 66681656562416
461624564056"
V$(4)="5 67081656562416
4016245640563236"
V$(5)="6 68681656562416
46162456405624364036"
V$(6)="7 69681656562416
46162456405624364036324
6"
V$(7)="8 16081656562416
40162456405624364036324
63227"
v$(8)="9 110681656562416
46162456405624294029244
340433237"
V$ (9) ="1612681656562416
40162456405624294029244
3404332223250"
v$(10)="J3. 6268165656"
vS(11)="Q 6268165656"
v$(12)="K 6268165656"
v$(13)="{2 SHIPT-SPACE}
aa"
COLORG, 2:COLOR1,1:COLOR
4,2:GOSUB840:WIDTH2:GRA
PHIC2,1,21
FORI=6T03:CHAR1,@,16,S$
(1) :DRAW1,3,82T04, 82704
, 83103, 83: SSHAPESSS (I) ,
6,80,7,87:NEXTI:CHAR1,6
ig," *
REM ****SHUFFLE DECK
PRINT" {BLK}{7 SPACES}I'
M SHUFFLING THE DECK":F
ORI=1T0166:F=INT (RND(1)
*51) :T=INT (RND(1)*51) :B
N=DN (F) :BS=DS (F) :DN(F) =
DN(T) :DS (F) =DS (T) :DN(T)
=BN:DS (T) =BS:NEXTI
REM ****INITIAL SETUP
FORDP=@T03:WN (DP) =DN (DP
) :WS (DP) =DS (DP) :NEXT: WP
=DP:GOSUB770
PRINT" {BLK}ENTER {CYN}C
{BLK}T0 RECEIVE A CARD
“":PRINT"ENTER {CYN}2
{BLK}TO DISCARD THE MID
DLE CARDS": PRINT"ENTER
{SPACE}{CYN}4 {BLK}TO D
ISCARD ALL CARDS":IFDP>
52THEN57@
GETKEYZ$:1FZ$<>"C"THEN4
20
IFDP=52THENS76:ELSE:GOS
UB466:GRAPHIC2,1,21:GOS
UB776:GOTO350

RB

EP

DR

BH

GQ

380
396
408

416

426
436

440
456
466

476
486
496
548
516
520
536
546

556
566

576

586
596

660
610
620

638
646
656
660

6708

680

REM ****ROUTINE TO READ
A CARD
IFDP>=52THENWN (WP) =13:W
S (WP) =4:WP=WP+1: RETURN
WN (WP) =DN (DP) :WS (WP) =DS
(DP) :DP=DP+1:WP=WP+1:RE
TURN
REM ****ROUTINE TO REMO
VE MIDDLE CARDS
IFZS<>"2"THEN47@
IFWN (WP-4) =WN (WP~1) THEN
456
IFWS (WP-4) <>WS (WP-1) THE
NSOUND1,4000,5:GOTO356
WN (WP~3) =WN (WP-1) :WS (WP
-3) =WS (WP-1) :WP=WP-2
IFWP>3THENGRAPHIC2,1,21
:GOSUB770:GOTO350:ELSEG
OSUB396:GOTO468
IFZ$<>"4"THENSOUND1, 468
@,5:GOTO350
REM ****ROUTINE TO REMO
VE ALL FOUR CARDS
IFWN (WP-4) <>WN (WP-3) THE
N526
IFWN (WP-3) <>WN (WP-2) THE
N520
IFWN (WP-2) =WN (WP-1) THEN
WP=WP-4:GOTO469
IFWS (WP-4) <>WS (WP-3) THE
N556
IFWS (WP~3) <>WS (WP~2) THE
N556
IFWS (WP~2) =WS (WP-1) THEN
WP=WP-4:GOTO46G
SOUND1,4066,5:GOTO356
REM *****SAVE SCORE ROU
TINE
SOUND1,8600,5:PRINT"
{BLK}GAME OVER. YOU HAD
";WP-Q;" CARDS REMAINI
NG": IFWP-Q<TSTHENTS=WP—

Q

PRINT"YOUR BEST SCORE I
: ‘ems

PRINT"PLAY AGAIN? Y
aN": GETKEYZ$: 1FZ$="Y"TH
ENGRAPHIC2,1,21:GOT0320
IFZ$="N"THENEND: BLSE570
REM ****DISPLAY A CARD
COLOR1,C(S) :CHAR1,X+1,¥
+1,MIDS$ (V$(V) ,1,2) :IEFV=
OTHENCHAR1, X+6,Y+8 ,MIDS
(VS (V) 1,2) :ELSECHAR1,X
+7,¥+8 MIDS (V$(V),1,2)
X=X*B:Y=¥*8
FORI=@TO ( (VAL (MIDS (V$ (V
),3,2)))-1) *4STEP4
GSHAPESS$(S) ,X+VAL (MIDS
(VS (V) ,5+1,2)) ,Y+VAL (MI
DS(VS$(V),7+1,2)) :NEXTI
COLOR1,1:BOX1,4+X,4+Y,6
7+X,75+Y:COLOR1, 8: IFV<>
1OTHEN698

CIRCLE], 36+X,40+Y,12,16
190,270:CIRCLE1,36+X,40
+¥,4,8,90,276

DRAW1, 40+X,40+YTO4G+X,2
4+Y¥TO48+X,24+YTO48+X, 40

GR
HM

HH

CG
BP

DE

sx

BS

MM

SG

DM
BP

FD

XM

FF

AB

AB

FC

696
708

716

726
736

748

756
766
776

786

796
808

819
820

830

846

858

860

+¥:DRAW1, 24+X,40+YTO32+
X,40+¥:PAINT1,28+X,44+¥
:GOTO756
IFV<>11THEN726
CIRCLE], 36+X,40+Y,12,16
:CIRCLE1], 36+X,40+¥,4,8:
PAINT1, 28+X,40+¥
DRAW1, 36+X,54+YTO40+X,6
6+YTO47+X, 60+YTO39+X,51
+¥:PAINT1,44+X,58+¥:GOT
0758
IFV<>12THENRETURN
DRAW1, 24+X,56+YTO24+X,2
4+YTO32+X,24+¥TO32+X,56
+¥TO24+X,56+Y¥:PAINT1, 28
+X,28+Y:DRAW1, 32+X, 36+¥
TO4G+X, 244+¥TO48+X, 24+¥T
032+X,44+Y¥:PAINT1,44+X,
26+Y
DRAW1, 32+X,36+YTO4G+X,5
6+YTO48+X, 56+YTO36+X, 32
+¥:PAINT1,40+X,48+Y
WIDTH1:BOX1,19+X,16+Y¥,5
2+X,63+Y:WIDTH2: RETURN
REM ****DISPLAY THE WIN
Dow
FORZ=G6T03: V=WN (WP-4+Z) =
S=WS (WP-4+2Z) :X=10*Z:Y=5
: IFV=13THENQ=Q+1
GOSUB626:NEXTZ: IFQ=4THE
N82¢
IFQ<>2THENRETURN
IFWN (WP-4) =WN (WP-3) THEN
826
IFWS (WP-4) =WS (WP-3) THEN
826
PRINT"{5 SPACES}YOU WIN
11111":SOUND1,16000,5:G
o0T059¢
REM ****GAME INSTRUCTIO
NS
GRAPHICG,1: PRINT" {RED}
{5 DOWN}{11 SPACES}RAIL
ROAD SOLITAIRE": PRINT"
{BLU} {2 DOWN}THIS GAME
{SPACE}WAS INVENTED FOR
PLAYING ON A":PRINT"TR
AIN WHERE SPACE TO SPRE
AD OUT IS RARE."
PRINT" {DOWN} THE IDEA O
F THE GAME IS TO DISCAR
D THE":PRINT"CARDS THAT
ARE BETWEEN END CARDS
{SPACE}OF THE":PRINT"SA
ME VALUE OR SUIT.
{2 SPACES}ALL FOUR CARD
S CAN"
PRINT" BE DISCARDED IF
{SPACE}THEY ARE OF THE
{SPACE} SAME": PRINT" VALU
E OR THE SAME SUIT.":PR
INT" IF THERE IS NO PLA
Y GET THE NEXT CARD.":P
RINT"{3 DOWN}PRESS ANY
{SPACE}KEY TO START"

EH 870 GETKEYZS:RETURN

Donald G. Klich lives in Mount Pros-
pect, Illinois.

JULY 1992 COMPUTE G-33

PROGRAMS

a ES EN IY ENS OIA SY 5 TIENT STG ERIN SET EL!

128 GRAPHIC DUMP

Donald G. Klich
Here are two programs similar to the 128
text screen dumps submitted by Bruce
Bowden (Screen Dump 128, December
1991). Rather than working with text, how-
ever, these programs will dump bitmap-
ped graphic screens to your printer.
While you can't scale the pictures you
send toa printer, you may select either of
two different-sized printouts. Graphic
Small prints a picture that is 40 x 25
characters in size, and Graphic Large
prints one 80 x 50 characters. Both of
these utilities are easy to install and use.
They're also fairly short, so it won't take
you long to type them in.

Typing It In
Graphic Small and Graphic Large are
both written in BASIC. To help avoid typ-
ing errors, enter the programs with The
Automatic Proofreader; see ‘Typing
Aids" elsewhere in this section. Be
sure to save copies of your programs
before exiting Proofreader.

Printing Pictures

Load and run either program as you
would a normal BASIC program. When
you run either program, there will be a
slight pause, and then the READY
prompt will return. The programs use
function keys f1, f2, and f3 and put ma-
chine language code in locations $1300-
$13AS. After you run one of the pro-
grams, you can then load and run an
application that contains a graphic
screen. When you reach the point that
you'd like a printout of the screen,
press the Stop key. Make sure your print-
er is turned on and ready.

Small Pictures

If you're using Graphic Small, proceed
by pressing f1. (Be sure your printer is
turned on and ready.) The screen will
be garbled and then go blank. At this
point, press f2. Shortly after that, your
picture will start to print. When the print-
out is complete, the picture onscreen
will be ungarbled.

Large Pictures

To use Graphic Large, load and run
the program and then run your graph-
ics program as above. Press f1 and f2
to start the printing process, but press

G-34. COMPUTE JULY 1992

f3 when the printing is complete to re-
turn to the applications program. You
can continue with your graphics pro-
gram by entering a CONT command.

These programs have been tested
only on a Seikosha SP1000A and an Ep-
son FX-80 printer, but they should
work on other graphics printers, too.
Make sure any printer interface you
may be using is set for transparent
mode.

For those interested in modifying
these programs for other printers, two
printer-control commands are used in
lines 60 and 70 in Graphic Small. The
first instructs the printer to suppress
the vertical spacing between lines, and
the second precedes each print-line
set to instruct the printer to print in
graphics mode. Note that abbreviated
commands (uppercase characters) are
used at times so that the required BA-
SIC code will fit in the special area re-
served for function key definitions.

GRAPHIC SMALL

EQ 10 REM COPYRIGHT 1992 - COM
PUTE PUBLICATIONS INTL L
TD ~ ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
REM GRAPHIC SCREEN PRINT
ER FOR COMMODORE 128

REM THIS PROGRAM, ONCE A
CTIVATED WILL DUMP THE C
URRENT GRAPHICS SCREEN
REM TO THE PRINTER DEVIC
E 4.{2 SPACES}IT IS ACTI
VATED BY THE Fl AND F2 K
EYS,

REM IN A 40 BY 25 CHARAC
TER DISPLAY
KEY1,"OP1,4:PR1,CH(27)CH
(65) CH (8): SY¥S4864:FAST"+
CHRS (13)
KEY2,"FOA=8192T016191STE
320: PR1,CH(27)CH(42)CH(4
)CH (64) CH (1) ;:FOB=6T0319
:PR1,CH (255-PEE (A+B)
RL: NE: SLOW: SYS4864:CL
O1:END"+CHRS (13)
KEY3,""sKEY4,"":KEY5,""s
KEY6,"":KEY7,"":KEY8,""
FORQ=4864T04987:READZ$:P
OKEQ,DEC(Z$) :NEXT

GB 166 DATA 18,96,13,00,06,06,
66,60,08,00,00,18,18,18
,FF,FF,18,18,18,86,00,0
6,A9,00,85,FB,A9,26,85,
FC,AG@,@8,A2,00,B1,FB,99
,03,13,C8,C@,08,D0,F6,A
6,00,18,AD,15,13

DATA 1E,03,13,69,00,E8,
EG,@8,F0,07,0A,8D,15,13
,4C,2E,13,99,0B,13,A2,0
@,8E,15,13,C8,CG,08,D6,

CG 26

SK 30

Ix 46

AB 50

SM 66

JX 76

GC 86

EB 908

HP 116

DE,A2,06,A9,06,B9,0B,13
,91,FB,EA,C8,CG,08,D6,F
5,A9,06,18,A9,98

DATA 65,FB,85,FB,A9,@0,
65,FC,85,FC,C9,3F,D0,07
1A5,FB,C9,40,D6,01,60,4
C,22,13

GRAPHIC LARGE

EQ 16 REM COPYRIGHT 1992 ~ COM
PUTE PUBLICATIONS INTL L
TD - ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
REM GRAPHIC SCREEN PRINT
ER FOR COMMODORE 128
REM THIS PROGRAM, ONCE A
CTIVATED WILL DUMP THE C
URRENT GRAPHICS SCREEN
REM TO THE PRINTER DEVIC
E 4, IT IS ACTIVATED BY
{SPACE}THE Fl, F2 AND F3
KEYS
REM IN A 8@ X 5@ CHARACT
ER DISPLAY
KEY4,"":KEY5,"
KEY7,"":KEY8,
KEY1,"OP1,4:PR1,CH(27)CH
(65)CH (8): SYS4864:FAST:A
$=CH (27) +CH (42) +CH (4) +CH
(128) +CH (2) :D=252:E=251:,
F=255"+CHRS (13)
KEY2,"FOA=8192T016191STE
326: FOC=1T02: PR1,CH (13);
OB=GT0319:POKE, (F-P
EE (A+B) ) : POK253,C:SYS498
8:PR1 ,CH (PEE (D)); 7CH (PEE (
D))7:NEB,C, AN +CHRS (13)
KEY3, "SLOW: SYS4864: cLol"
+CHR$ (13)
JP 108 FORQ=4864T05629:READZS:
POKEQ, DEC (Z$) :NEXT
DATA 18,90,13,00,00,00,
66,60,06,00,00,18,18,18
,FF,FF,18,18,18,00,00,0
6,A9,00,85,FB,A9, 20,85,
FC,AG,06,A2,06,B1,FB,99
193,13,C8,C6,68,D0,F6,A
6,00,18,AD,15,13
DATA 1E,63,13,69,00,E8,
EG,08,F6,07,8A,8D,15,13
,4C,2E,13,99,6B,13,A2,6
G,8E,15,13,C8,C0,08,D0,
DE,A2,00,A0,08,B9,0B,13
191,FB,EA,C8,C0,68,D0,F
5,A0,00,18,A9,08
DATA 65,FB,85,FB,A9,06,
65,FC,85,FC,C9,3F,D0,07
1A5,FB,C9,48,D6,61,60,4
C,22,13,A5,FD,C9,01,FG,
98,96,FB,06,FB,06,FB, G6
+FB,A9,06,85,FC,A2,04,1
8,86,FB,98,06,A9
DATA 93,05,FC,85,FC,CA,
FO,97,06,FC,06,FC,18,96
1EB, 66

SM 126

CG 29
SK 38

EA 46

RC 58

FG 66 sKEY6,""s:

ES 76

KE 88

BS 96

cG 116

DE 126

JP 136

FD 146

Donald Klich, who lives in Mount Pros-
pect, Illinois, is the 128 programmer
who wrote Railroad Solitaire.

QUIZ WIZ

By Rizwaan Ahmed Khan

Quiz Wiz is a program for creating mul-
tiple-choice quizzes on the 64. The pro-
gram is so easy to use that even a begin-
ner can use it without reading the instruc-
tions. Just select the menu options.

Quiz Wiz lets the parent or teacher en-
ter questions and answers on a variety of
subjects. The program then creates a
quiz in multiple-choice format with the cor-
rect answer and three wrong answers for
each question. It provides the correct an-
swers and a score when the student fin-
ishes the quiz.

When you enter a question and an-
swer, you aren't required to supply three
possible answers as alternate choices.
The program asks the question and
then supplies the correct answer along
with three other choices that it selects at
random from the other answers you've en-
tered. The correct answer is never in a pre-
dictable location.

Entering the Program

Quiz Wiz is written entirely in BASIC.
To help avoid typing errors, enter it
with The Automatic Proofreader; see
“Typing Aids” elsewhere in this sec-
tion. Be sure to save a copy of the pro-
gram before you exit Proofreader.

Make New Entries

When you first run the program, select
the option to make new entries. You're
then prompted to choose a subject. If
the subject you want isn't on the
screen, press the Up Arrow key and de-
fine the subject of your choice.

You may then enter questions and an-
swers. Each question and answer is al-
lowed a maximum of 80 characters. To
exit during the input process, press the
@ key and then press Return.

Continue Making Entries

Note the menu. If you wish to continue
making entries, select the appropriate
choice. If you select the option to
make new entries, all work in memory
will be erased.

Correction Mode

You can flip through your entries by
pressing the < and > keys. When you
find the question you want, press Re-
turn, and a small menu will appear.

This menu will allow you to fully edit or
delete your entries. In this mode, you
can rename the topic chosen by press-
ing the R key.

In correction mode you cannot enter
the main menu by pressing the @ key.
In this mode, you can use the cursor
keys for more editing potential. After
you've made any corrections, press Re-
turn to exit to the main menu.

Saving Files

When you've entered a minimum of
four questions and their answers, you
may then save your file. Save files by
selecting that option from the main
menu. If you try to save a file with a
name that is already on the disk, the
earlier version will first be scratched.

Loading Files

Load a saved file into memory anytime
you want to take a quiz. Any entries
that may still be in memory will be
erased. After loading, you're automat-
ically quizzed in multiple-choice format.
To see a directory at any time, press
the D key.

Scratching Files

Select this option from the main menu
to erase any file on disk. You need on-
ly enter the filename to have the pro-
gram erase it.

Quiz Time
A quiz begins right after loading, but if
you've entered at least four questions,
you can take a test immediately. Press
the Commodore key; then press the let-
ter next to the answer of your choice.
If you answer incorrectly, the correct
answer will be displayed for a short
time. At the end of the quiz, your mis-
takes will again be displayed. You can
flip through them by pressing Return.
This process lets you review your er-
rors for as long as you wish. After re-
viewing the final mistake, the comput-
er will display your score. You may
then exit to the main menu by pressing
f1 or take the quiz again by pressing
the Commodore key.

Adding New Entries

You can exit the quiz at any time by
pressing f1. To enter more questions,
select the option from the menu to con-
tinue making entries.

Tape Support

Users with tape drives can easily alter
the program to suit their needs.
Change the OPEN commands in lines
390 and 1007 to tape format. Then de-
lete lines 62, 80, 915, 930, 935, 980,
982, 985, 986, 987, 990, 992, 993,
995, and 997. These lines contain the
routines for calling the disk directory
and for scratching files.

QUIZ WIZ

ME 8 REM COPYRIGHT 1992 COMPUT
E PUBLICATIONS INTL LTD -
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
DIMDS (286) :DIME$ (200) :DIM
FS (49) : PRINTCHRS (8) : PRIN
TCHRS (14)
PRINT" {CLR} {WHT}{2 DOWN}
{4 SPACES}{RVS}
{11 SPACES}{YEL}QUIZ WIZ
{WHT}{14 SPACES}":PRINT"
{6 SPACES}MENU:"
XD 10 PRINT" {DOWN}{6 SPACES}
{YEL}{RVS}PRESS (1) TO M
AKE NEW ENTRIES.":POKES3
281,2:POKE53280,6
IFES (4) <>""THENPRINT"
{DOWN}{6 SPACES} {RVS}
{YEL}PRESS (2) TO SAVE E
NTRIES."
PRINT" {DOWN}{6 SPACES}
{RVS}{YEL}PRESS (3) TO L
OAD ENTRIES.":IFES(1)=""
THEN3G
PRINT" {DOWN} {6 SPACES}
{RVS}{YEL}PRESS (4) TO C
ONTINUE{OFF}{19 SPACES}
{RVS}MAKING ENTRIES."
IFES (1) <>""THENPRINT"
{DOWN}{6 SPACES}{RVS}
{YEL}PRESS (5) FOR CORRE
CTION MODE."
PRINT" {DOWN} {6 SPACES}
{RVS}{YEL}PRESS (6) TO S
CRATCH FILES."
PRINT" {DOWN} {6 SPACES}
{RVS}{CYN}PRESS Fl TO RE
TURN TO MENU. {DOWN}"
PRINT"{12 SPACES}BY
{2 SPACES}RIZWAAN KHAN"
PRINT" {HOME}{2 DOWN}":FO
RI=1T019: PRINT" {WHT}
{4 RIGHT}{+}{31 RIGHT}
{+}{3 RIGHT}";:NEXT
PRINT"{4 SPACES}{RVS}
{33 SPACES} {OFF}";
GETAS: IFAS="5"THENIFES (1
)<>""THENJ=1:GOTO715

PB 1

xg 15

XD 26

FX 25

cQ 38

BD 46

BB 60 IFAS="1"THEN94G

HA 62 IFAS="D"THEN98G

AG 65 IFAS="2"ANDES (3) <>""THEN
360

MG 70 IFAS="3"THEN435

JX 72 IFA L"THEN1696

AF 75 IFAS="4"THENZES="1":GOTO

JULY 1992 COMPUTE G-35

PROGRAMS

xs

.G-36

166

198

191

E95)
245

246
247

258

255

175
IFAS="6"THEN915
IFPEEK (56321) =223ANDES (4
) <>""THENM=1:W=1:Q=8:GOT
0526
GoTOS5
PRINT" {OFF} {CLR} {HOME}
{3 DOWN}{1¢ SPACES}{PUR}
{RVS}DEFINE SUBJECT"
PRINT" {DOWN} {11 SPACES}
{WHT }1) MATH"
PRINT" {DOWN}{11 SPACES}
2) ECONOMICS"
PRINT" {DOWN} {11
3) SCIENCE"
PRINT" {DOWN} {11
4) HISTORY"
PRINT" {DOWN} {11
5) GEOGRAPHY"
PRINT" {DOWN} {11
6) ENGLISH"
PRINT" {DOWN} {11 SPACES}
J)OTHER{2 SPACES}"
IFAS="1"THENNS="M
OTO175
IFA$="2"THENNS="ECONOMI
cs":GOTO175
IFA$="3"THENNS="SCIENCE
":GOTO175
IFAS="4"THENNS="HISTORY
":GOTO175
IFAS="5"THENNS="GEOGRAP
HY":GOTO175
IFAS="6"THENNS="ENGLISH
":GOTO175
IFAS$=CHRS (133) THENDBS="
"3GOTOS
IFAS$="{7"THENINPUT"SUBJE
CT";NS$:GOTO175
GOTO138
PRINT" {CLR} {BLU} {RVS}
{46 SPACES}":IFDBS="1"T
HENDBS="":GOTO5
IFZES="1"THENX=X+1:ZES=
un
PRINT" {GRN} {HOME} {RVS}
{SPACE}QUESTION NUMBER"
X"{YEL}SUBJECT:"NS""
PRINT" {WHT } {HOME }
{2 DOWN}{5 SPACES}ENTER
QUESTION (@ TO QUIT)"
{3 SPACES}:POKE53280,2
IFDB$="1"THENPRINT"
{YEL}{HOME}{3 DOWN}
{2 RIGHT}"DAS"": PRINT"
{HOME}{3 DOWN}";
INPUTDS (X) : IFDS (X) ="@"A
NDDBS$="1"THEN196

SPACES}
SPACES}
SPACES}

SPACES}

IFDS (X) ="@"ANDX<>1THENX
=X-1:ZE$="1":GOTO5

IFDS$ (X) ="@"ANDX=1THENS
IFDBS="1"ANDDS (X) <>""TH

ENDS (X) =LEFTS (D$ (X) ,8@
:GOTO845

IFDS (X) <>""THENDS (X) =LE
FT$ (D$(X) ,88) :GOTO275
PRINT" {CLR} {HOME} {BLU}
{RVS}{48 SPACES}":GOTOL

COMPUTE JULY 1992

KD

HH

KE

PR

275
276
280
285

296
335

346
366

396
395
406

465

416

415
430

431

435

449
445
459
526

525

536
535

549

545

85
PRINT: PRINT" {HOME }
{13 DOWN} {WHT} {DOWN}
{4 SPACES}ENTER ANSWER"
IFDBS$="1"THENPRINT"
{YEL}{HOME}{15 DOWN}
{2 RIGHT}"EAS"": PRINT"
{HOME}{15 DOWN}";
INPUTES (X) : IFES (X) ="@"A
NDDBS="1"THEN275
IFDBS="1"ANDES (X) <>""TH
ENES (X) =LEFTS (E$(X) ,8@)
:GOTO845
IFES (X) ="@"THENS
IFES (X) <>""THENES (X) =LE
FT$(E$(X) ,80) :X=X+1:GOT
0175
GOTO275
NAMS="": PRINT" {CLR}
{DOWN} TYPE IN FILE NAM
E TO SAVE": INPUTNAMS:IF
NAMS=""THEN5S
K$="":OPEN7,8,0,NAMS:IN
PUT#7 ,KS$: IFKS=""THENCLO
SE7:GOTO485
CLOSE7:PRINT"{2 DOWN} S
CRATCHING OLD FILE.":FT
$="SO:":FTS=FTS+NAMS
OPEN15,8,15,FT$:CLOSE15
OPEN7,8,1,NAMS$: PRINT"
{CLR} {HOME}{6 DOWN}
{6 SPACES}{WHT}SAVING :
"NAMS"": PRINT#7,NS: PRI
NT#7,X
FORJ=1TOX: PRINT#7,D$(J)
:=NEXTJ:ZES="1"
FORJ=1T0X: PRINT#7,ES (J)
:NEXTJ:CLOSE7 :M=1:FX=9:
Q=G
PRINT"{CLR} {HOME}
{11 DOWN}{6 SPACES}***
{SPACE}DATA HAS BEEN SA
VED ***"
FORI=1T0200G:NEXTI:GOTO
526
PRINT"{CLR} {RVS} {WHT}
{DOWN} LOAD ERASES ANY
{SPACE}WORK IN! MEMORY.
{4 SPACES}ARE YOU SURE
{SPACE} (Y/N) "
GETAS: IFAS="N"THENS
IFAS="Y"THEN100G
GOTO44G
ZX=X: PRINT" {CLR} {HOME}
{SPACE} SCORE={RVS}"Q"
{OFF} {4 SPACES}QUESTION
NUMBER={RVS}"W"{OFF}"
PRINT"TOTAL NUMBER OF Q
UESTIONS="X"": POKE53280
7 6:POKE53281,6
PRINT" {YEL} {RVS}
{40 SPACES}";
PRINT"{UP}{3 SPACES}
{RVS}SUBJECT : "NS""
PRINT" {WHT } QUESTION:
{GRN} {RVS}"DS (M) "{OFF}
{DOWN}";FS
Y=INT (4*RND(1)) +1

RA

BR

GP

558

555
556
566
562

565
567

568

576
571

S572

575
576

577

586
581

582

585
599

595

660

665
619

615
628

625

636

T=INT ( (X+1-1) *RND(1)) +1
:U=INT ((X+1-1)*RND(1))+
1:V=INT ((X+1-1) *RND (1)
+1

IFES (M) =E$ (T) ORES (M) =ES
(U) ORES (U) =ES$ (T) THEN55&
IFES (V) =ES (M) ORES (V) =E$
(T) ORES (V) =E$ (U) THEN55@
IFY=1THENS75
IFY=3THEN5S70
IFY=2THEN5S8@
PRINT"{RVS}{WHT}A {8}"E
$(T)"{DOWN}": PRINT"
{RVS}{WHT}B {8}"ES(U)"
{DOWN}": PRINT" {RVS}
{WHT}C {8}"ES(V)"{DOWN}
"

PRINT"{RVS}{WHT}D {8}"E
$(M) "{DOWN}":LS="D":GoOT
0585
PRINT"{RVS}{WHT}A {8}"E
$(T)"{DOWN}"
PRINT"{RVS}{WHT}B {8}"E
$(U)"{DOWN}"
PRINT"{RVS}{WHT}C {8}"E
$(M) "{DOWN}":LS="C": PRI
NT"{RVS}{WHT}D {8}"ES(V
)"{DOWN}":GOTO585
PRINT" {WHT} {RVS}A {8}"E
$(M)"{DOWN}"
PRINT"{RVS}{WHT}B {8}"E
$(T)"{Down}"
PRINT"{RVS}{WHT}C {8}"E
$(U) "{DOWN}":LS="A": PRI
NT"{RVS}{WHT}D {8}"ES(V
)"{DOWN}":GOTO585
PRINT" {WHT}{RVS}A {8}"E
$(U)"{DOWN}"
PRINT" {RVS}{WHT}B {8}"E
$(M) "{DOWN}"
PRINT"{RVS}{WHT}C {8}"E
$(T)"{DOWN}":LS="B": PRI
NT"{RVS}{WHT}D {8}"ES(V
)"{DOWN}":GOTO585
GETAS$: IFAS=""THEN585
IFAS=CHRS (133) THENFX=6:
Q=8:GOTO5
IFAS<>"A"ANDAS<>"B"ANDA
$<>"C"ANDAS<>"D"THEN5S85
IFAS=LSTHENQ=Q+1: PRINT"
{WHT}{2 SPACES}{RVS}COR
RECT! 1"; :FORJ=1T0500:NE
XTJ:GOTO616
GOTO655
M=M+1: LEW=ZXTHENAD=FX-1
:FX=G:GOTO886
W=W+1:GOT0520
PRINT" {CLR} {HOME}
{2 DOWN} {OFF}{WHT} You
{SPACE} SCORED{WHT} {RVS}
"Q"{OFF}OUT OF{WHT}
{RVS}"X"{OFF} QUESTIONS
":POKE53281,3
IFX/2<=QTHENPRINT"
{2 DOWN}{2 SPACES}{RVS}
YOU PASSED!":GOT0632
PRINT" {DOWN} {RVS} SHAME
ON YOU, YOU FAILED!!!"

HR

HF

DS
GP

KS
EP

FD

ES

BE

AH

JX

RG

EB

JH
HR

BF

632
635

646
645

658
655

660

665

676

675

686

685

696

691
715

726

725

736
735

746

741
743
745
758
755
766
765

776
775

PRINT" {DOWN} {RVS}PRESS
‘Pl' TO EXIT."
PRINT" {DOWN} {RVS} PRESS
{SPACE}COMMODORE KEY TO
DO THE TEST AGAIN":GOT
0646
GETA$: IFAS=CHRS (133) THE
N5
IFPEEK (56321) =223THENM=
1:W=1:Q=0:GOT0520
GOTO64B
PRINT" {RVS} INCORRECT!
{OFF} THE ANSWER IS":FS$
(FX) =D$ (M) :FX=FX+1:FS$ (F
X) SES (M) :FX=FX+1
IFY=1THENPRINT"{RVS}A
{OFF} "ES (M)"";F$:GOT067
5
IFY=2THENPRINT"{RVS}B
{OFF} "ES (M)"";F$:GOT067
5

PRINT"{RVS}C {OFF}"ES$(M
)"";F$:GOTO675
FORJ=1T02: POKE54276,0:P
OKE54277,@:POKE54272,0:
POKE54296,15
POKE54277,129: POKE54276
123
POKE54273,137:POKE54272
,43:NEXTJ:FORI=1T01500:
NEXTI:GOTO610
POKE1024,82:POKE1625,65
:POKE1626,75:POKE1027,7
2: POKE1028,65:POKE1029,
78

GOTO585
PRINT" { YEL} {CLR} {HOME}
{RVS}{11 SPACES}CORRECT
ION MODE{14 SPACES}";
PRINT" {RVS}{WHT} TOTAL
QUESTIONS ENTERED="Xx""
:POKE53281,6: POKE53280,
2

PRINT" {RVS}{CYN}QUESTI
ON NO."J"{GRN}SUBJECT:"
NS"{DOWN}"

PRINT" { YEL} {RVS}QUESTIO
N:{8}"DS (J) "": PRINT
PRINT" { YEL} {RVS} ANSWER:
{8}>"ES(s)""

PRINT" {DOWN} {RVS}{YEL}
PRESS'<>'TO FLIP THROUG
H ENTRIES."

PRINT" {RVS}{WHT}PRESS'
RETURN'FOR CORRECTION."
PRINT" {RVS}{WHT}PRESS'
R'TO RENAME SUBJECT."
GETAS: IFAS=CHRS$ (13) THEN
VB=X:X=J:DB$="1":GOTO78
8

IFAS=", "THEN782
IFAS=CHRS (133) THENDBS="
":GOTO775
IFAS="R"THENAS="""; DBS="
1":GOTO95
IFAS=","THEN785

GOTO745
IFVB>OTHENX=VB:GOTOS

sD

XK

EE

PM

cs

FP

XE

788
782

783
785
786
788
796
795
868

805

815
826
825
838
836

846
845

850
855
869
865

876

875

886
885

896

895

900

965
916
915

926

GoTOS
IFJ=XTHENJ=1:GOTO715
J=J+1:GOTO715
IFJ=1THENJ=X:GOTO715
J=J-1:GOTO715
PRINT" {DOWN} {6}{RVS}PL
EASE SELECT -~
{3 SPACES}"

PRINT" {RVS}(1) ALTER Q
UESTION."

PRINT" {RVS}(2) ALTER A
NSWER.{2 SPACES}™
PRINT" {RVS}(3) ALTER B
OTH.{4 SPACES}"

PRINT" {RVS}(4) DELETE
{SPACE}BOTH.{3 SPACES}"
: DAS=DS (X) : EAS=ES (X)
GETAS: I1FA$="1"THENS=1:P
RINT" {CLR}":GOTO196
IFAS="2"THENS=2: PRINT"
{CLR}":GOTO275
IFAS="3"THENS=3: PRINT"
{CLR}":GOTO196
IFAS="4"THENMK=VB-J: DBS
="":GoTO86G
IFAS$=CHRS (133) THENDBS="
":X=VB:GOTO5
GOTO815
IFS=10RS=2THENX=VB: DBS=
"":GOTO5
IFS=3THENS=S+1:GOT0275
X=VB:DB$="":GOTO5
IFJ=1ANDES (J+1) =""THENR
UN
IFES (J+1)=""THEND$(J)="
"3ES (J) ="":VB=VB-1:X=VB
:GOTO5
PRINT" {2 DOWN}

{2 SPACES} {WHT} DELETING
+..." 2FORI=1TOMK:AD$=D$
(J+1) :AVS=ES$ (J+1)

DS$ (J) =ADS:E$ (J) =AVS$:J=J
+1:NEXTI:VB=VB-1:X=VB:E
$(J)=""sD$ (J)="":GOTOS
IFFS (FX) =""THEN620
PRINT" {CLR} {OFF} {HOME}
{2 DOWN} {BLK}THE ONES
{SPACE}YOU GOT WRONG AR
E-{DOWN}":POKE53281,1
PRINT" {RED}QUESTION -
{SPACE} "FS$ (FX) "";FS:FS (
FX) =""3PX=FX+1
PRINT" ANSWER - "FS (FX)
""SPS:FS (EX) ="":PRINT"
{2 DOWN} {RVS}{CYN}PRES
S RETURN"

GETAS: IFA$<>CHRS (13) THE
N9GG
IFAD=FXTHENFX=@: GOT0620
FX=FX+1:GOTO886
PRINT" {CLR} {DOWN} NAME
{SPACE}OF FILE TO SCRAT

CH": INPUTFRS$: IFFRS=""TH

ENS
PRINT" {DOWN} INSERT DIS
K CONTAINING FILE AND P
RESS{3 SPACES} {RVS}RETU
RN"

PQ
AE

RS

XX

MH

EK
EK

BR

HB

gc

925
936
935

946

945
956
955
966
965

979

980

982

985

986

987
988

996

992

993
995

997

GETAS:IFAS$<>CHRS$ (13) THE
N925
PTS="SO:":FTS=FTS+FRS:0
PEN15,8,15,ET$:CLOSE15
PRINT"{2 DOWN}
{2 SPACES}{RVS}{WHT}FIL
E HAS BEEN SCRATCHED":F
ORI=1T03000:NEXTI:GOTOS
PRINT" {CLR} {DOWN} {WHT}
{SPACE}{RVS}MAKING NEW
{SPACE}ENTRIES WILL ERA
SE ANY OLD{OFF}
{3 SPACES} {RVS}ENTRIES
{SPACE}IN MEMORY"
PRINT" {RVS}{WHT}ARE YO
U SURE (Y¥/N)"
GETAS$: IFAS="N"THENS
IFAS="Y"THEN965
GOTO958
CLR: DIMD$ (500) :DIMES (56
6) :X=1:GOTO95
PRINT" {DOWN} {2 SPACES}
{RVS}FILE NOT FOUND":OP
EN15,8,15,"UJ":FORI=1T0
2008:NEXTI:CLOSE15:RUN
I=1: PRINT" {WHT} {CLR}":0
PEN2,8,0,"S":GET#2,AS:G
ET#2,AS
IFI=22THENI=1:GOT0992
GET#2,L$:GET#2,L$:1FST=
64THENCLOSE2:GOTO992
GET#2,LB$:GET#2,HB$:LN=
ASC (LBS+CHR$ (G))+256*AS
C (HBS+CHRS (8) )
PRINT LN;
GET#2,AS: IFA$=""THENI=1
+1: PRINTCHRS (13) ;:GOTO9
82
PRINTAS; :GOTO988
PRINT" {DOWN} {RVS}PRESS
ANY KEY"
GETAS: IFAS=""THEN993
IFST<>64THENPRINT" {CLR}
";GOT0985
GOTO5

1068 CLR:DIMD$ (2G) :DIMES (2

1965

1667
1668

1609

1616

1612

GG) :DIMFS (400) : PRINTCH
RS (8) : PRINTCHRS (14)
PRINT"{CLR} {RVS} {WHT}
TYPE IN FILENAME TO LO
AD": INPUTNAMS: IFNAMS="
"THENRUN
NS="":0PEN7,8,@,NAMS$:I
NPUT#7,NS

INPUT#7,X: IFNS=""THENC
LOSE7:GOTO97@

PRINT" {CLR} {HOME}

{5 DOWN}{4 SPACES}LOAD
ING : {RVS}"NAMS""
FORJ=1TOX: INPUT#7,DS (J
) :NEXTJ:ZES="1"
FORJ=1TOX: INPUT#7 ,ES (J
) :NEXTJ:CLOSE7:M=1:FX=
G:Q=0:W=1:GOTO526

Rizwaan Ahmed Khan lives’ in
Taihape, New Zealand. a
JULY 1992 COMPUTE G-37

MLX

Machine Language Entry Program

MLX for Commodore 64
Ottis R. Cowper

Type in and save some copies of
MLX—you'll want to use it to enter fu-
ture ML programs from Gazette. When
you're ready to enter an ML program,
load and run MLX. It asks you for a start-
ing address and an ending address.
These addresses appear in the article
accompanying the MLX-format pro-
gram listing you're typing.

If you're unfamiliar with machine lan-
guage, the addresses (and all other val-
ues you enter in MLX) may appear
strange. Instead of the usual decimal
numbers you're accustomed to, these
numbers are in hexadecimat—a base
16 numbering system commonly used
by ML programmers. Hexadecimal—
hex for short—includes the numerals O-
9 and the letters A-F. But even if you
know nothing about ML or hex, you
should have no trouble using MLX.

After you've entered the starting and
ending addresses, you'll be offered the
option of clearing the workspace.
Choose this option if you're starting to
enter a new listing. If you're continuing
a listing that's partially typed from a pre-
vious session, don't choose this option.
A functions menu will appear. The first
option in the menu is Enter Data. If
you're just starting to type in a pro-
gram, pick this. Press the E key and
type the first number in the first line of
the program listing. If you've already
typed in part of a program, type the
line number where you stopped typing
at the end of the previous session (be
sure to load the partially completed pro-
gram before you resume entry). In any
case, make sure the address you en-
ter corresponds to the address of a
line in the listing you are entering. Oth-
erwise, you'll be unable to enter the da-
ta correctly. If you pressed E by mis-
take, you can return to the command
menu by pressing Return alone when
asked for the address. (You can get
back to the menu from most options in
the program by pressing Return with
no other input.)

Entering a Listing

Once you're in Enter mode, MLX
prints the address for each program
line for you. You then type in all nine
numbers on that line, beginning with
the first two-digit number after the co-
lon (:). Each line represents eight data
bytes and a checksum. Although an

G-38 COMPUTE JULY 1992

MLX-format listing appears similar to
the “hex dump” listings from a ma-
chine language monitor program, the
extra checksum number on the end al-
lows MLX to check your typing.

When you enter a line, MLX recalcu-
lates the checksum from the eight
bytes and the address and compares
this value to the number from the ninth
column. If the values match, you'll
hear a bell tone, the data will be add-
ed to the workspace area, and the
prompt for the next line of data will ap-
pear. But if MLX detects a typing error,
you'll hear a low buzz and see an er-
ror message. The line will then be re-
displayed for editing.

Invalid Characters Banned

Only a few keys are active while you're
entering data, so you may have to un-
learn some habits. You do not type
spaces between the columns; MLX au-
tomatically inserts these for you. You
do not press Return after typing the
last number in a line; MLX automatical-
ly enters and checks the line after you
type the last digit.

64 MLX Keypad

Only the numerals 0-9 and the letters
A-F can be entered. If you press any
other key (with some exceptions noted
below), you'll hear a warning buzz. To
simplify typing, a numeric keypad func-
tion is included. The keypad is active
only while entering data. Addresses
must be entered with the normal letter
and number keys. The figure below
shows the keypad configuration.

MLX checks for transposed charac-
ters. If you're supposed to type in AO

and instead enter OA, MLX will catch
your mistake. There is one error that
can slip past MLX: Because of the
checksum formula used, MLX won't no-
tice if you accidentally type FF in
place of 00, and vice versa. And
there's a very slim chance that you
could garble a line and still end up
with a combination of characters that
adds up to the proper checksum. How-
ever, these mistakes should not occur
if you take care while entering data.

Editing Features

To correct typing mistakes before fin-
ishing a line, use the Inst/Del key to de-
lete the character to the left of the cur-
sor. If you mess up a line badly, press
Clr/Home to start the line over. The Re-
turn key is also active, but only before
any data is typed on a line. Pressing Re-
turn at this point returns you to the com-
mand menu. After you type a charac-
ter, MLX disables Return until the cur-
sor returns to the start of a line. Remem-
ber, press Clr/Home to quickly get toa
line-number prompt. To make correc-
tions in a line that MLX has redisplayed
for editing, compare the line on the
screen with the one printed in the list-
ing and then move the cursor to the mis-
take and type the correct key. The cur-
sor- left and -right keys provide the
normal cursor controls. (The Inst/Del
key now works as an alternative cursor-
left key.) You cannot move left beyond
the first character in the line. If you try
to move beyond the rightmost charac-
ter, you'll reenter the line. During edit-
ing, Return is active; pressing it tells
MLX to recheck the line. You can
press the Clr/Home key to clear the en-
tire line if you want to start from
scratch or if you want to get to a line-
number prompt to use Return to get
back to the menu.

Display Data

The second menu choice, Display Da-
ta, examines memory and shows the
contents in the same format as the pro-
gram listing (including the checksum).
When you press D, MLX asks you for a
starting address. Be sure that the start-
ing address you give corresponds to a
line number in the listing. Otherwise,
the checksum display will be meaning-
less. MLX displays program lines until
it reaches the end of the program, at

which point the menu is redisplayed.
You can pause the display by pressing
the space bar. (MLX finishes printing
the current line before halting.) Press
the space bar again to restart the dis-
play. To break out of the display and
get back to the menu before the end-
ing address is reached, press Return.

Other Menu Options

Two more menu selections let you
save programs and load them back in-
to the computer. These are Save File
and Load File. When you press S or L,
MLX asks you for the filename. You'll
then be asked to press either D or T to
select disk or tape.

You'll notice the disk drive starting
and stopping several times during a
load or save. This is normal behavior.
MLX opens and reads from or writes to
the file instead of using the usual
LOAD and SAVE commands. Also
note that the drive prefix 0; is added to
the filename (line 750), so this should
not be included when entering the
name. This also precludes the use of
@ for save-with-replace, so be sure to
give each version saved a different
name.

Remember that MLX saves the en-
tire workspace area from the starting ad-
dress to the ending address, so the
save or load may take longer than you
might expect if you've entered only a
small amount of data from a long list-
ing. When you're saving a partially com-
pleted listing, make sure to note the ad-
dress where you stopped typing.

MLX reports the standard disk or
tape error messages if any problems
are detected during the save or load.
It also has three special load error mes-
sages: INCORRECT STARTING AD-
DRESS, which means the file you're try-
ing to load does not have the starting
address you specified when you ran
MLX; LOAD ENDED AT adaress,
which means the file you're trying to
load ends before the ending address
you specified when you started MLX;
and TRUNCATED AT ENDING AD-
DRESS, which means the file you're try-
ing to load extends beyond the ending
address you specified when you start-
ed MLX. If you see one of these mes-
sages and feel certain that you've load-
ed the right file, exit and rerun MLX,
being careful to enter the correct start-

ing and ending addresses.

The Quit menu option has the obvi-
ous effect—it stops MLX and enters BA-
SIC. The Run/Stop key is disabled, so
the Q option lets you exit the program
without turning off the computer. (Of
course, Run/Stop-Restore also gets
you out.) You'll be asked for verifica-
tion; press Y to exit to BASIC, or press
any other key to return to the menu. Af-
ter quitting, you can type RUN again
and reenter MLX without losing your da-
ta, as long as you don't use the Clear
Workspace option.

The Finished Product

When you've finished typing all the da-
ta for an ML program and saved your
work, you're ready for the results. Re-
fer to the corresponding article for
details on loading and running the
program.

An Ounce of Prevention

Don't take chances—use The Automat-
ic Proofreader to type the new MLX,
and then test your copy thoroughly be-
fore first using it to enter any significant
amount of data. Make sure all the
menu options work as they should. En-
ter fragments of the program starting at
several different addresses; then use
the display option to verify that the da-
ta has been entered correctly. Test the
save and load options to ensure that
you can recall your work from disk.

64 MLX

SS 10 REM VERSION 1.1: LINES 8
36,956 MODIFIED, LINES 4
85-487 ADDED

100 POKE 56,5@:CLR:DIM INS,

I,J,A,B,A$,BS$,A(7) ,NS

C4=48:C6=16:C7=7:22=2:2

4=254:25=255:26=256:27=

127

FA=PEEK (45) +Z6*PEEK (46)

:BS=PEEK (55) +Z6*PEEK (56

) :H$="6123456789ABCDEF"

RS=CHRS (13) :L$="{LEFT}"

:S$="_":DS=CHRS$ (26) :ZS$=

CHRS (G6) :TS="{13 RIGHT}"

SD=54272:FOR I=SD TO SD

+23:POKE I,0:NEXT:POKE

{SPACE}SD+24,15:POKE 78

8,52

PRINT" {CLR} "CHRS (142) CH

R$(8):POKE 53280,15:POK

E 53281,15

PRINT TS" {RED}{RVS}

{2 SPACES}{8 @}

EK

DM 116

CJ 126
SB 136

cQ 146

FC 158

EJ 166

FR

JB

GF

KR

PG

DR

BD

RR

BE

176

189

196

268

210

226

238

246

256
260

276

280

296

306

316

326

336

346
359

368

376

{2 SPACES}"SPC(28)"
{2 SPACES}{OFF}{BLU} ML
X II {RED} {RVS}
{2 SPACES}"Spc(28)"
{12 SPACES}{BLU}"
PRINT" {3 DOWN}
{3 SPACES}COMPUTE!'S MA
CHINE LANGUAGE EDITOR
{3 DOWN}"
PRINT" {BLK}STARTING ADD
RESS{4}"; : GOSUB360:SA=A
D:GOSUB1646:1F F THEN18
6
PRINT" {BLK}{2 SPACES}EN
DING ADDRESS{4}"; :GOSUB
300:EA=AD:GOSUB1030:1F
{SPACE}F THEN190
INPUT"{3 DOWN} {BLK}CLEA
R WORKSPACE [Y/N] {4}";A
$:1F LEFT$(AS,1)<>"¥"TH
EN220
PRINT"{2 DOWN} {BLU}WORK
ING...";:FORI=BS TO BS+
EA-SA+7:POKE I,@:NEXT:P
RINT"DONE"
PRINTTAB(16)"{2 DOWN}
{BLK}{RVS} MLX COMMAND
{SPACE}MENU {DOWN}{4}":
PRINT TS"{RVS}E{OFF}NTE
R DATA"
PRINT TS"{RVS}D{OFF}ISP
LAY DATA":PRINT TS"
{RVS}L{OFF}OAD FILE"
PRINT TS"{RVS}S{OFF}AVE
FILE":PRINT TS"{RVS}Q
{OFF}UIT{2 DOWN} {BLK}"
GET AS:IF AS=NS$ THEN256
A=@:FOR I=1 TO 5:IF AS=
MIDS ("EDLSQ",1I,1)THEN A
=I:I=5
NEXT:ON A GOTO420,610,6
96,704, 280:GOSUB1066:GO
T0250
PRINT" {RVS} QUIT ":INPU
T"{DOWN}{4}ARE YOU SURE
[Y/N] ";AS:IF LEFTS(AS,
1) <>"Y"THEN226
POKE SD+24,9:END
INS=N$:AD=G: INPUTINS: IF
LEN (INS) <>4THENRETURN
BS=IN$:GOSUB329:AD=A:BS
=MIDS (INS,3) :GOSUB329:A
D=AD*256+A: RETURN
A=G:FOR J=1 TO 2:A$=MID
$(B$,J,1) :B=ASC (A$) -C4+
(AS>"@") *C7:A=A*C6+B
IF B<@ OR B>15 THEN AD=
@:A=-1:J=2
NEXT: RETURN
B=INT(A/C6):PRINT MIDS (
H$,B+1,1) ; :B=A-B*C6: PRI
NT MID$(HS$,B+1,1);:RETU
RN
A=INT (AD/Z6) :GOSUB35@:A
=AD~A*Z6:GOSUB35G: PRINT
nents

era
CK=INT (AD/Z6) :CK=AD-24*
CK+Z5* (CK>Z7) :GOTO399

JULY 1992 COMPUTE G-39

PROGRAMS

Gc
HA
HD
FK

GS

FX

CM

MP

KC

MX

GK

HG

Qs

PM

ac

PK

HJ

QQ

GQ
G-40

386
396
496

416
426

436
446

450

460

476

486

485

486

487

496

566

516

526

536

548

556

568

578

586

599

606

CK=CK*Z2+Z5* (CK>Z7) +A
CK=CK+Z5* (CK>Z5) : RETURN
PRINT" {DOWN}STARTING AT
{4}";:GOSUB39@:1F INS<>
N$ THEN GOSUB1930:IF F
{SPACE} THEN4G6
RETURN
PRINT" {RVS} ENTER DATA
{SPACE}":GOSUB46G:IF IN
S=N$ THEN22G
OPEN3,3:PRINT
POKE198,@:GOSUB36G:IF F
THEN PRINT INS:PRINT"
{uP}{5 RIGHT}";
FOR I=@ TO 24 STEP 3:BS
=SS$:FOR J=l1 TO 2:IF FT
HEN BS=MIDS(INS$,I+J,1)
PRINT" {RVS}"BSLS;:IF I<
24THEN PRINT" {OFF}";
GET AS:IF AS=N$ THEN476
IF (AS>"/"ANDAS<":")OR(A
$>"@"ANDAS<"G") THENS46
MM) -2* (AS=",") ~
é )-4* (AS="/") -5
* (AS="5") ~6* (AS="K")
A=A-7* (AS="L") -8* (AS=":
") -9* (AS="U") -15* (AS="I
")~11* (AS="0") -12* (AS="
Pp")
A=A-~13* (AS=S$):IF A THE
N AS=MIDS$("ABCD123E456F
6",A,1):GOTO 546
IF AS=R$ AND ((1I=G6)AND(J
=1)OR F)THEN PRINT BS;:
J=2:NEXT:1=24:GOTO55@
IF AS="{HOME}" THEN PRI
NT B$:J=2:NEXT:1=24:NEX
T:F=6:GOT044G
IF (AS="{RIGHT}")ANDF TH
ENPRINT BSL$;:GOTO54G
IF AS<>L$ AND AS<>DS$ OR
((1=6) AND (J=1)) THEN GOS
UB1068:GOTO47@
AS=LS$+S$+L$:PRINT BSLS;
:J=2-J:IF J THEN PRINT
{SPACE}L$; :1=1-3
PRINT A$;:NEXT J:PRINT
{SPACE}SS$;
NEXT I:PRINT: PRINT" {UP}
{5 RIGHT}";:INPUT#3,INS
:IF INS=N$ THEN CLOSE3:
GOTO226
FOR I=1 TO 25 STEP3:BS$=
MID$(IN$,1I) :GOSUB320:IF
1<25 THEN GOSUB386:A(I
/3)=A
NEXT:IF A<>CK THEN GOSU
B1660: PRINT" {BLK} {RVS}
{SPACE}ERROR: REENTER L
INE ¢4}":F=1:GOTO44G
GOSUB108@:B=BS+AD-SA:FO
R I= TO 7:POKE B+I,A(I
) NEXT
AD=AD+8:IF AD>EA THEN C
LOSE3: PRINT" {DOWN} {BLU}
** END OF ENTRY **{BLK}
{2 DOWN}":GOTO7GB
F=6:GOTO44G

COMPUTE JULY 1992

QA

RJ

KS

PR
FP
HQ

HH

SQ
FJ

PE

FC

GS

MA

GE

RX

FA
FQ

SA

618

626

639

648

658

666
676
686
695
766

716

726

736

746

756

766

776

780

790

860

816

826

836

846
850

868

PRINT" {CLR} {DOWN} {RVS}
{SPACE}DISPLAY DATA ":G
OSUB406:IF INS=NS$ THEN2
26
PRINT" {DOWN} {BLU}PRESS:
{RVS}SPACE{OFF} TO PAU
SE, {RVS}RETURN{OFF} TO
BREAK{4}{DOWN}"
GOSUB369:B=BS+AD-SA:FOR
I=BTO B+7:A=PEEK(I) :GOS
UB35G:GOSUB389:PRINT S$

;
NEXT: PRINT" {RVS}"; :A=CK
:GOSUB350: PRINT
F=1:AD=AD+8:IF AD>EA TH
ENPRINT" {DOWN} {BLU}** E
ND OF DATA **":GOTO22G
GET AS$:IF AS=RS THEN GO
SUB1684:GOTO229
IF A$=S$ THEN F=F+1:GOS
UB108¢
ONFGOT0636,666,638
PRINT" {DOWN} {RVS} LOAD
{SPACE}DATA ":OP=1:GOTO
716
PRINT" {DOWN} {RVS} SAVE
{SPACE}FILE ":0P=G
INS=NS:INPUT" {DOWN} FILE
NAME{4}";INS:IF INS=NS
{SPACE }THEN226
F=9: PRINT" {DOWN} {BLK}
{RVS}T{OFF}APE OR {RVS}
D{OFF}ISK: {4}";
GET AS:IF AS="T"THEN PR
INT"T {DOWN}":GOTO88G
IF A$<>"D"THEN730
PRINT"D{DOWN}":OPEN15,8
,15,"I6:":B=EA-SA:INS="
O:"+INS$:IF OP THEN816
OPEN 1,8,8,INS+",P,W":G
OSUB86G:IF A THEN226
AH=INT (SA/256) :AL=SA~(A
H*256) :PRINT#1,CHRS$ (AL)
;CHRS (AH) ;
FOR I=@ TO B:PRINT#1,CH
RS (PEEK(BS+I));:IF ST T
HEN8GG
NEXT:CLOSE1:CLOSE15:GOT
0946
GOSUB106G: PRINT" {DOWN}
{BLK}ERROR DURING SAVE:
£4}":GOSUB866:GOTO228
OPEN 1,8,8,INS+",P,R":G
OSUB86G:IF A THEN226
GET#1,A$,B$:AD=ASC (AS+Z
$)+256*ASC(BS$+Z$):IF AD
<>SA THEN F=1:GOTO85@
FOR I=0 TO B:GET#1,A$:P
OKE BS+I,ASC(AS$+Z$) : IF (
I<>B)AND ST THEN F=2:AD
=I:I=B
NEXT: IF ST<>64 THEN F=3
CLOSE1:CLOSE15:0N ABS (F
>6)+1 GOTO96G,979
INPUT#15,A,AS$:IF A THEN
CLOSE1:CLOSE15:GOSUB1@
6G:PRINT"{RVS}ERROR: "A
$

GQ
EJ

HJ

cs

sc

KM

JF

AE

XP

FR

DP

PP

GR

FD

RX

FF

FX

CR

HC

AR

DX

PE

AC

876
886

896

998

916

926

936

949

9568

966

978

986

996

1669

1616

1626

1636

16498

1656

1966

1076

1686

1696

RETURN

POKE183, PEEK (FA+2) : POKE
187, PEEK (FA+3) :POKE188,
PEEK (FA+4) : IFOP=@THEN92

g
SYS 63466:1F (PEEK(783)A
ND1)THEN GOSUB1066: PRIN
T"{DOWN}{RVS} FILE NOT
{SPACE}FOUND ":GOTO696
AD=PEEK (829) +256*PEEK (8
36):IF AD<>SA THEN F=1:
GOTO978
A=PEEK (831) +256*PEEK (83
2) -1:F=F-2* (A<EA) ~3* (A>
EA) :AD=A-AD:GOT0930
A=SA:B=EA+1:GOSUB1G10:P
OKE78@,3:SYS 63338
A=BS:B=BS+(EA-SA) +1:GOS
UB1G19:0N OP GOTO95G:SY
S 63591
GOSUB1G8G: PRINT" {BLU}**
SAVE COMPLETED **":GOT
0226
POKE147,@:SYS 63562:IF
{SPACE}ST>@ THEN97@
GOSUB1684: PRINT" {BLU}**
LOAD COMPLETED **":GOT
0226
GOSUB196G: PRINT" {BLK}
{RVS}ERROR DURING LOAD:
{DOWN}{4}":ON F GOSUB98
6,99G,1808:GOTO226
PRINT" INCORRECT STARTIN
G ADDRESS (";:GOSUB360:
PRINT") ": RETURN
PRINT"LOAD ENDED AT ";:
AD=SA+AD:GOSUB36G: PRINT
D$: RETURN
PRINT"TRUNCATED AT END
ING ADDRESS":RETURN
AH=INT (A/256) :AL=A-~(AH
*256) : POKE193,AL: POKEL
94,AH
AH=INT (B/256) :AL=B~ (AH
*256) : POKE174,AL: POKE]
75,AH:RETURN
IF AD<SA OR AD>EA THEN
1656
IF (AD>511 AND AD<6528
6) THEN GOSUB1686: F=0
: RETURN
GOSUB1G6G: PRINT" {RVS}
{SPACE}INVALID ADDRESS
{DOWN} {BLK}":F=1:RETU
RN
POKE SD+5,31:POKE SD+6
,208:POKE SD,240:POKE
{SPACE}SD+1,4:POKE SD+
4,33
FOR S=1 TO 160:NEXT:GO
T01099
POKE SD+5,8:POKE SD+6,
240:POKE SD,@:POKE SD+
1,98:POKE SD+4,17
FOR S=1 TO 100:NEXT:PO
KE SD+4,0:POKE SD,@:PO
KE SD+1,%:RETURN

Oo